Asia · Eastern Asia

Japan

Flag of Japan
Local Time
--:--:--
UTC+09:00
🏛️ Capital
Tokyo
👥 Population
123,210,000
📐 Area
377,930 km²
💱 Currency
Japanese yen (¥)
🗣️ Languages
Japanese
📞 Calling Code
+81
🕐 Time Zones
UTC+09:00
🌐 Region
Asia / Eastern Asia

About Japan

Japan is the destination that consistently leaves travellers speechless — not for one reason but for an overwhelming accumulation of perfections that reveals itself slowly and never quite exhausts itself. You arrive in Tokyo expecting a futuristic megalopolis and find instead a city of 13.9 million people operating with a courtesy, efficiency, and aesthetic precision that defies comprehension. Trains arrive to the second. Convenience store sandwiches are wrapped with origami-like care and taste better than most restaurant food elsewhere. A bowl of ramen in a ten-seat counter shop down an alley in Shinjuku can reduce a seasoned traveller to emotional silence.

But Japan is not one thing — it is an archipelago of 6,852 islands stretching 3,000 kilometres from subtropical Okinawa to snowy Hokkaido, each with its own culinary identity, dialect, festival calendar, and landscape. The ancient imperial capital of Kyoto holds over 1,600 temples and shrines within a single city, where Zen gardens of raked white gravel and a single moss-covered stone communicate more about peace and impermanence than entire libraries of philosophy. The deer of Nara bow alongside ancient pagodas; the bullet train (Shinkansen) glides past Mount Fuji at 320 km/h; and in the preserved castle town of Kanazawa, geisha (geiko) still perform dances that have not changed in 300 years.

The Japanese concept of omotenashi — wholehearted, anticipatory hospitality without expectation of reward — transforms even mundane interactions into experiences of grace. From the department store staff member who walks you to the door rather than pointing, to the ryokan (traditional inn) owner who draws your bath, serves your kaiseki dinner, and lays your futon while you soak, Japan does not merely welcome visitors; it envelops them in a culture that has refined the art of human consideration to an extraordinary degree.

History & Background

Japan's recorded history begins with the Yayoi period (300 BCE–300 CE), when rice cultivation and metalworking techniques arrived from continental Asia, transforming a Jomon hunter-gatherer society into an agrarian civilisation. The Yamato clan gradually unified the island groups between the 3rd and 5th centuries, establishing the imperial dynasty that has remained on the Chrysanthemum Throne without interruption for over 1,500 years — the world's oldest hereditary monarchy. Buddhism's arrival in 552 CE, followed by the Nara (710–794) and Heian (794–1185) periods, produced a flowering of art, literature (The Tale of Genji — the world's first novel — was written circa 1000 CE), and architecture whose elegance still defines the image of classical Japan.

The medieval period of warring samurai clans (1185–1615) culminated in the unification of Japan under Tokugawa Ieyasu, whose dynasty (Edo period, 1603–1868) sealed Japan from foreign contact for over 200 years — a period of extraordinary cultural development in art, theatre, and philosophy. When American Commodore Perry's "black ships" forced Japan to open in 1853, the resulting crisis triggered the Meiji Restoration of 1868: Japan modernised at breathtaking speed, adopting Western science and industry while preserving its cultural identity. The catastrophic path of imperial militarism through China, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific ended in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. Post-war Japan rebuilt with extraordinary determination, becoming the world's second-largest economy by 1968 — an economic miracle whose legacy is the Japan you experience today.

Culture & People

Japanese culture is shaped by a profound tension between the ancient and the ultramodern, and the country's genius lies in how it navigates this tension with grace rather than anxiety. The concept of ma (negative space, the meaningful pause), the philosophy of wabi-sabi (finding beauty in imperfection and transience), and the principle of shokunin kishitsu (artisan spirit — the relentless pursuit of craft mastery) run as deep currents beneath both a Kyoto tea ceremony and a Tokyo video game studio. Shinto — Japan's indigenous animist religion — and Buddhism, which arrived from China and Korea in the 6th century, coexist in daily life with remarkable harmony; Japanese people typically celebrate birth and marriage at Shinto shrines and conduct funerals at Buddhist temples.

Group harmony (wa), the reading of social situations without explicit communication (kuuki wo yomu — "reading the air"), and a profound sensitivity to the feelings of others make Japanese social interaction a subtly different experience from Western norms. The concept of honne (one's true feelings) versus tatemae (the face shown publicly) reflects a culture that values social cohesion highly. Japan's extraordinary output in manga, anime, fashion (harajuku street style, Comme des Garçons, Issey Miyake), cinema (Kurosawa, Miyazaki), and architecture (Tadao Ando, Kengo Kuma) demonstrates a culture of boundless creativity operating within deep structures of tradition — a combination found nowhere else.

Food & Cuisine

Japanese cuisine is the most deeply developed and obsessively refined in the world — a fact acknowledged by Tokyo having more Michelin-starred restaurants than any other city on earth. But the genius of Japanese food is equally present in a ¥600 bowl of ramen slurped at a counter stall in Fukuoka, a piece of impossibly fresh tuna nigiri in a Tokyo sushi bar where the chef has been perfecting his rice seasoning for 20 years, or a perfectly golden tonkatsu pork cutlet served with rice, pickles, and miso soup in a Nagoya specialist restaurant. Every dish is the result of specialist focus — the Japanese concept of shokunin (artisan devotion to a single craft) produces masters of ramen, sushi, tempura, yakitori, wagashi sweets, and matcha tea who approach their work with the dedication of classical musicians.

Regional food identity is intense and celebrated: Osaka is the "food capital" (kuiadaore — eat until you drop), famous for takoyaki (octopus balls), okonomiyaki (savoury pancake), and kushikatsu (deep-fried skewers). Kyoto's kaiseki multi-course cuisine reflects the aesthetics of the imperial court — seasonal, restrained, and visually exquisite. Hokkaido is famous for its dairy (soft-serve ice cream, butter, cheese), fresh crab, and miso ramen. Hiroshima's layered okonomiyaki and Hakata's creamy tonkotsu ramen complete a food geography that justifies an entire journey. Sake, shochu, craft beer, and Japanese whisky (Suntory Yamazaki, Nikka Yoichi) are all world-class; the Japanese relationship with craft beverage is as serious and discerning as that with food.

Top Attractions

  • Fushimi Inari Taisha, Kyoto — Thousands of vermilion torii gates wind up a forested mountain behind this iconic Shinto shrine; walk the full two-hour circuit at dawn before the crowds arrive.
  • Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park and Museum — A profoundly moving memorial to the 140,000 victims of the world's first atomic bomb, with the skeletal A-Bomb Dome reflected in the Ōta River.
  • Shinjuku and Shibuya, Tokyo — The great nerve centres of modern Tokyo — Shinjuku's Golden Gai laneway bars and towering neon, and Shibuya's legendary scramble crossing and vibrant youth culture.
  • Arashiyama Bamboo Grove, Kyoto — A pathway through soaring green bamboo stems that click and sigh in the breeze — a ten-minute walk that feels like stepping into a Studio Ghibli film.
  • Mount Fuji and Fuji Five Lakes — Japan's sacred symbol, a perfect volcanic cone visible from Tokyo on clear days; climb in July–August or view from Kawaguchiko lake at dawn for the classic reflection.
  • Nara Deer Park and Tōdai-ji Temple — Hundreds of deer considered sacred messengers roam freely around the world's largest wooden building, housing a 15-metre bronze Buddha cast in 752 CE.

Practical Travel Tips

  • Get an IC card (Suica or Pasmo) loaded with yen at any major station — it covers trains, buses, and subway across most of Japan, and works as a contactless payment at convenience stores and vending machines.
  • The Japan Rail Pass (purchased before arrival) covers all Shinkansen bullet trains and is excellent value for multi-city itineraries covering Tokyo–Kyoto–Hiroshima–Osaka or further destinations.
  • Convenience stores (7-Eleven, Lawson, FamilyMart) are among the best in the world — eat onigiri (rice balls), hot steamed buns, and fresh sandwiches with confidence; ATMs inside accept foreign cards.
  • Tipping is not practiced in Japan and can cause confusion or embarrassment — excellent service is expected as standard and does not require additional payment.
  • Tattoos are still prohibited in many onsen (hot spring baths) and some public pools; if you have visible tattoos, look for tattoo-friendly onsen, private bath rooms, or outdoor mountain onsen that are more relaxed.
  • Rubbish bins are extremely rare in public spaces — carry a small bag for your rubbish as Japanese cities are spotlessly clean and you are expected to take your waste with you.
  • Download Google Maps offline and the Hyperdia app for train route planning; Japanese public transport is complex but these tools make navigating it manageable for any traveller.

Visa Overview

Japan operates a generous visa-free entry policy for citizens of most developed nations, including the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, EU member states, Australia, and many others, for stays of up to 90 days. Your passport must be valid for the duration of your stay. Japan has implemented an ETIAS-equivalent pre-registration system for some nationalities; check the Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs website for the current requirements for your passport. A return or onward ticket and proof of sufficient funds may be requested on arrival. Working holiday visas are available for young citizens of several partner countries.

Getting Around

Japan's transport system is the world's most reliable and comprehensive. The Shinkansen bullet train network connects Tokyo with Osaka (2h15m), Hiroshima (4h), Kyoto (2h20m), Fukuoka (5h), and Sapporo; the Japan Rail Pass covers all these routes if purchased outside Japan before arrival. Within cities, subway and train networks are extensive and punctual — Tokyo's 13-line metro reaches virtually every neighbourhood. IC cards (Suica/Pasmo) work across trains, buses, and even taxis in most cities. For rural Japan, rental cars provide freedom; driving is on the left and road signage includes English.

Safety Notes

Japan is consistently ranked among the world's safest countries for travellers, with exceptionally low crime rates and a culture of honesty — lost wallets are regularly handed in to police boxes (koban) with all contents intact. Natural hazards are the primary safety consideration: Japan lies on the Pacific Ring of Fire and experiences frequent earthquakes; familiarise yourself with evacuation procedures at your accommodation and download the Japan Earthquake Early Warning app. Typhoons are possible between June and October, particularly on the southern and eastern coasts; monitor Japan Meteorological Agency warnings during this season.

Live Exchange Rates

Current exchange rates for currencies used in Japan.

Japanese yen (JPY) ¥
Updated: 2026-07-06
Currency CodeRate
1INCH 0.086195
AAVE 0.000070
ADA 0.032914
AED 0.022691
AFN 0.392827
AGIX 0.079192
AKT 0.009851
ALGO 0.069021
ALL 0.506467
AMD 2.273530
AMP 13.852023
ANG 0.011142
AOA 5.674364
APE 0.044075
APT 0.009879
AR 0.003095
ARB 0.077247
ARS 9.221912
ATOM 0.003907
ATS 0.074365
AUD 0.008919
AVAX 0.000895
AWG 0.011060
AXS 0.006119
AZM 52.517840
AZN 0.010504
BAKE 8.222785
BAM 0.010570
BAT 0.070156
BBD 0.012357
BCH 0.000026
BDT 0.761654
BEF 0.218010
BGN 0.010570
BHD 0.002323
BIF 18.393646
BMD 0.006179
BNB 0.000011
BND 0.007986
BOB 0.042800
BRL 0.031931
BSD 0.006179
BSV 0.000418
BSW 18.460309
BTC 0.000000
BTCB 0.116590
BTG 0.021412
BTN 0.588662
BTT 23,296.806287
BUSD 0.006173
BWP 0.083391
BYN 0.017942
BYR 121.111675
BZD 0.012444
CAD 0.008780
CAKE 0.004267
CDF 14.255462
CELO 0.091965
CFX 0.138102
CHF 0.004970
CHZ 0.342239
CLP 5.691697
CNH 0.041961
CNY 0.041944
COMP 0.000369
COP 20.652059
CRC 2.815492
CRO 0.103369
CRV 0.028902
CSPR 3.181348
CUC 0.006179
CUP 0.163748
CVE 0.595934
CVX 0.005137
CYP 0.003163
CZK 0.130710
DAI 0.006181
DASH 0.000176
DCR 0.000557
DEM 0.010570
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DJF 1.100359
DKK 0.040397
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DOP 0.366181
DOT 0.007083
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DZD 0.821713
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EOS 0.085302
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ETC 0.000870
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GMD 0.455635
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GT 0.000911
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ILS 0.018558
IMP 0.004631
IMX 0.044719
INJ 0.001265
INR 0.588662
IQD 8.101303
IRR 8,502.224922
ISK 0.778230
ITL 10.464214
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JMD 0.978825
JOD 0.004381
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KES 0.798832
KGS 0.540404
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LYD 0.039632
MAD 0.057854
MANA 0.088794
MBX 0.245673
MDL 0.108750
MGA 26.218931
MGF 131.094654
MINA 0.130326
MKD 0.332915
MKR 0.000004
MMK 12.970837
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MRO 2.467538
MRU 0.246754
MTL 0.002320
MUR 0.290434
MVR 0.095517
MWK 10.717572
MXN 0.107997
MXV 0.012246
MYR 0.025192
MZM 394.603680
MZN 0.394604
NAD 0.100425
NEAR 0.003101
NEO 0.003124
NEXO 0.008031
NFT 23,313.576229
NGN 8.466366
NIO 0.227439
NLG 0.011910
NOK 0.060775
NPR 0.942301
NZD 0.010860
OKB 0.000077
OMR 0.002378
ONE 4.943177
OP 0.057471
ORDI 0.001903
PAB 0.006179
PAXG 0.000001
PEN 0.021040
PEPE 2,265.239532
PGK 0.027181
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PI 0.054618
PKR 1.718938
PLN 0.023199
POL 0.084014
PTE 1.083468
PYG 37.581941
QAR 0.022490
QNT 0.000092
QTUM 0.008692
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RWF 9.056986
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SCR 0.088291
SDD 370.865721
SDG 3.708657
SEK 0.059641
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SHIB 1,411.186293
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SIT 1.295090
SKK 0.162810
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SLL 141.118237
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SOL 0.000077
SOS 3.528215
SPL 0.001030
SRD 0.232590
SRG 232.589914
SSP 29.343179
STD 133.388248
STN 0.133388
STX 0.036133
SUI 0.008270
SVC 0.054062
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SZL 0.100425
THB 0.205377
THETA 0.044043
TJS 0.057271
TMM 108.408894
TMT 0.021682
TND 0.018214
TOP 0.014880
TRL 289,252.524088
TRX 0.018814
TRY 0.289253
TTD 0.041866
TUSD 0.006192
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TWD 0.198272
TWT 0.017973
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WAVES 0.023251
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WOO 0.521813
WST 0.017089
XAF 3.544999
XAG 0.000100
XAU 0.000001
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XBT 0.000000
XCD 0.016725
XCG 0.011142
XCH 0.003920
XDC 0.219890
XDR 0.004557
XEC 1,163.154417
XEM 14.432814
XLM 0.030949
XMR 0.000019
XOF 3.544999
XPD 0.000005
XPF 0.644906
XPT 0.000004
XRP 0.005397
XTZ 0.024831
YER 1.464281
ZAR 0.100425
ZEC 0.000014
ZIL 2.002907
ZMK 113.372497
ZMW 0.113373
ZWD 2.236025
ZWG 0.165731
ZWL 414.116961

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Cities in Japan 1051
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Abashiri Abiko Ageo Ago Agui Aikawa Aioi Aira Aizubange Aizumi Aizuwakamatsu Akabira Akashi Aki Akiruno Akishima Akita Ako Akune Amagasaki Amagi Ami Anan Anjo Annaka Aomori Arai Arao Arida Asaba Asahi Asahikawa Asaka Ashibetsu Ashikaga Ashikita Ashiya Aso Atami Atsugi Atsumi Ayabe Ayase Azuma Beppu Bibai Bihoro Bisai Bizen Bungotakada Buzen Chatan Chiba Chichibu Chigasaki Chikugo Chikushino Chino Chiryu Chita Chitose Chiyoda Chofu Choshi Daigo Daito Daito Daito Date Dazaifu Ebetsu Ebina Ebino Edosaki Ena Eniwa Enzan Esashi Fuchu Fuchu Fuchu Fuji Fujieda Fujiidera Fujimi Fujimi Fujinomiya Fujioka Fujioka Fujioka Fujisawa Fujishiro Fujiyoshida Fukagawa Fukaya Fukiage Fukuchiyama Fukue Fukui Fukuma Fukumitsu Fukuoka Fukuroi Fukusaki Fukushima Fukuyama Funabashi Funehiki Furano Furukawa Fuso Fussa Futtsu Gamagori Gifu Ginan Ginowan Gobo Godo Gojo Gose Gosen Goshogawara Gotemba Gotsu Gumma Gunma Gushikawa Gyoda Habikino Hachinohe Hachioji Hadano Haebaru Hagi Haibara Haibara Hakodate Hakone 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Iwade Iwafune Iwai Iwaki Iwakuni Iwakura Iwamizawa Iwanai Iwanuma Iwase Iwata Iwate Iwatsuki Iyo Iyomishima Izumi Izumi Izumiotsu Izumisano Izumo Jimokuji Joetsu Jonan Joyo Kadoma Kaga Kagawa Kagoshima Kahoku Kainan Kaita Kaizuka Kajiki Kakamigahara Kakegawa Kakogawa Kakuda Kamagaya Kamaishi Kamakura Kameda Kameoka Kameyama Kamifukuoka Kamiichi Kamiiso Kaminokawa Kaminoyama Kamisato Kamisu Kammaki Kamo Kamogata Kamogawa Kamojima Kanaya Kanazawa Kanda Kani Kanie Kannabe Kannami Kanonji Kanoya Kanuma Kanzaki Karasuyama Karatsu Kariya Kasai Kasakake Kasama Kasamatsu Kasaoka Kaseda Kashiba Kashihara Kashima Kashima Kashiwa Kashiwara Kashiwazaki Kasuga Kasugai Kasukabe Kasumigaura Kasuya Katano Katsuragi Katsuura Katsuyama Kawachi Kawachinagano Kawagoe Kawaguchi Kawai Kawajima Kawamata Kawanishi Kawanishi Kawanoe Kawasaki Kawasaki Kawasoe Kazo Kazuno Kesennuma Kikuchi Kikugawa Kikuyo Kimitsu Kira Kiryu Kisai Kisarazu Kishigawa Kishiwada Kisogawa Kitahiroshima Kitaibaraki Kitajima Kitakami 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Oamishirasato Oarai Obama Obanazawa Obihiro Obu Oda Odate Odawara Ofunato Oga Ogaki Ogawa Ogawara Ogori Ogori Ohara Oharu Ohira Oi Oigawa Oiso Oita Oizumi Oji Ojiya Okagaki Okawa Okaya Okayama Okazaki Okegawa Okinawa Okuchi Omachi Omagari Omama Ome Omigawa Omihachiman Omiya Omiya Omura Omuta Ono Ono Ono Ono Onoda Onojo Onomichi Ora Osaka Osakasayama Osawano Ota Otake Otaru Otawara Otofuke Otsu Otsuchi Otsuki Owariashi Owase Oyabe Oyama Oyama Oyodo Ozu Ozu Rifu Rikuzentakata Ritto Rumoi Ryonan Ryotsu Ryugasaki Ryuo Ryuyo Sabae Sadowara Saga Sagae Sagamihara Sagara Saijo Saiki Saitama Saitma-Shi Saito Sakado Sakae Sakai Sakai Sakai Sakaide Sakaiminato Sakata Saku Sakura Sakurai Sambu Samukawa Sanda Sango Sanjo Sano Sanwa Sanyo Sanyo Saori Sapporo Sasaguri Sasayama Sasebo Satte Sawara Saya Sayama Seika Seki Sekiyado Sendai Sendai Sennan Setaka Seto Settsu Shibata Shibata Shibetsu Shibukawa Shibushi Shichigahama Shido Shiga Shigenobu Shijonawate Shikatsu Shiki Shimabara Shimada Shimamoto Shime Shimizu Shimminato Shimoda Shimodate Shimonoseki Shimosuwa Shimotsuma Shingu Shingu Shinichi Shinjo Shinnanyo Shinshiro Shintomi Shiogama Shiojiri Shiozawa Shippo Shirakawa Shiraoi Shiraoka Shiroi Shiroishi Shirone Shiroyama Shisui Shiwa Shizukuishi Shizunai Shizuoka Shobara Shobu Shonan Showa Sobue Sodegaura Soja Soka Soma Sowa Sue Sueyoshi Sugito Suibara Suita Sukagawa Sukumo Sumoto Sunagawa Susaki Susono Suwa Suzaka Suzu Suzuka Tachikawa Tadotsu Tagajo Tagawa Tahara Taishi Taiwa Tajimi Takahagi Takahama Takahashi Takahata Takaishi Takamatsu Takanabe Takanezawa Takanosu Takaoka Takarazuka Takasago Takasaki Takatsu-Ku Takatsuki Takayama Takefu Takehara Takeo Taketa Taketoyo Takikawa Takizawa Taku Tama Tamamura Tamana Tamano Tanabe Tanashi Tanuma Tanushimaru Tarui Tarumizu Tatebayashi Tateyama Tateyama Tatsuno Tatsuno Tawaramoto Tendo Tenno Tenri Tenryu Toba Tobe Tobetsu Tobu Tochigi Tochio Toda Togane Togitsu Togo Toin Tokai Tokai Tokamachi Toki Tokoname Tokorozawa Tokushima Tokuyama Tokyo Tomakomai Tomigusuku Tomioka Tomisato Tomiya Tomobe Tonami Tondabayashi Tone Tono Tonosho Toride Tosa Tosashimizu Tosayamada Tosu Tottori Towada Toyama Toyo Toyoake Toyoda Toyohashi Toyokawa Toyonaka Toyono Toyooka Toyosaka Toyoshina Toyota Toyoura Tsu Tsubame Tsubata Tsuchiura Tsukuba Tsukui Tsukumi Tsuru Tsuruga Tsurugashima Tsurugi Tsuruoka Tsushima Tsuyama Ube Uchinada Ueda Ueki Ueno Uenohara Ugo Uji Ujiie Umi Uozu Urasoe Urawa Urayasu Ureshino Usa Ushibuka Ushiku Usuki Utashinai Uto Utsunomiya Uwajima Wajima Wakayama Waki Wakkanai Wako Wakuya Warabi Washimiya Watari Yachimata Yachiyo Yachiyo Yahaba Yaita Yaizu Yamada Yamada Yamaga Yamagata Yamaguchi Yamanashi Yamasaki Yamato Yamato Yamatokoriyama Yamatotakada Yame Yamoto Yanagawa Yanagawa Yanai Yao Yasato Yashio Yashiro Yasu Yasugi Yatomi Yatsuo Yatsushiro Yawata Yawatahama Yoichi Yokaichi Yokaichiba Yokkaichi Yokohama Yokosuka Yokote Yomitan Yonago Yonezawa Yono Yorii Yoro Yoshida Yoshida Yoshii Yoshikawa Yoshimi Yotsukaido Yubari Yugawara Yuki Yukuhashi Yumesaki Yuza Yuzawa Zama Zentsuji Zushi

Visa Requirements

Check what visa a citizen of Japan needs to enter any country.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the capital of Japan?
The capital of Japan is Tokyo.
What currency does Japan use?
Japan uses the Japanese yen (¥) as its official currency.
What language is spoken in Japan?
The official language(s) of Japan include Japanese.
What is the population of Japan?
Japan has a population of approximately 123,210,000 people.
What region is Japan in?
Japan is located in Asia, specifically in the Eastern Asia subregion.
What is the international calling code for Japan?
The international dialing code for Japan is +81.
What time zones does Japan observe?
Japan observes the following time zone(s): UTC+09:00.
What is the current time in Japan?
The local time in Japan is currently --:--. This time applies to the primary time zone.
What is the total area of Japan?
Japan covers a total area of 377,930 km².
How many states or provinces does Japan have?
Japan is divided into 48 states or provinces.
What are the public holidays in Japan in 2026?
You can view the complete list of public holidays for Japan in 2026 on the Holidays 2026 page.
What are the visa requirements for citizens of Japan?
Visa requirements for citizens of Japan vary by destination. Use our Visa Requirements Checker below to look up requirements for any destination country.