Asia · Eastern Asia

Japan

Flag of Japan
Local Time
--:--:--
UTC+09:00
🏛️ Capital
Tokyo
👥 Population
123,210,000
📐 Area
377,930 km²
💱 Currency
Japanese yen (¥)
🗣️ Languages
Japanese
📞 Calling Code
+81
🕐 Time Zones
UTC+09:00
🌐 Region
Asia / Eastern Asia

About Japan

Japan is the destination that consistently leaves travellers speechless — not for one reason but for an overwhelming accumulation of perfections that reveals itself slowly and never quite exhausts itself. You arrive in Tokyo expecting a futuristic megalopolis and find instead a city of 13.9 million people operating with a courtesy, efficiency, and aesthetic precision that defies comprehension. Trains arrive to the second. Convenience store sandwiches are wrapped with origami-like care and taste better than most restaurant food elsewhere. A bowl of ramen in a ten-seat counter shop down an alley in Shinjuku can reduce a seasoned traveller to emotional silence.

But Japan is not one thing — it is an archipelago of 6,852 islands stretching 3,000 kilometres from subtropical Okinawa to snowy Hokkaido, each with its own culinary identity, dialect, festival calendar, and landscape. The ancient imperial capital of Kyoto holds over 1,600 temples and shrines within a single city, where Zen gardens of raked white gravel and a single moss-covered stone communicate more about peace and impermanence than entire libraries of philosophy. The deer of Nara bow alongside ancient pagodas; the bullet train (Shinkansen) glides past Mount Fuji at 320 km/h; and in the preserved castle town of Kanazawa, geisha (geiko) still perform dances that have not changed in 300 years.

The Japanese concept of omotenashi — wholehearted, anticipatory hospitality without expectation of reward — transforms even mundane interactions into experiences of grace. From the department store staff member who walks you to the door rather than pointing, to the ryokan (traditional inn) owner who draws your bath, serves your kaiseki dinner, and lays your futon while you soak, Japan does not merely welcome visitors; it envelops them in a culture that has refined the art of human consideration to an extraordinary degree.

History & Background

Japan's recorded history begins with the Yayoi period (300 BCE–300 CE), when rice cultivation and metalworking techniques arrived from continental Asia, transforming a Jomon hunter-gatherer society into an agrarian civilisation. The Yamato clan gradually unified the island groups between the 3rd and 5th centuries, establishing the imperial dynasty that has remained on the Chrysanthemum Throne without interruption for over 1,500 years — the world's oldest hereditary monarchy. Buddhism's arrival in 552 CE, followed by the Nara (710–794) and Heian (794–1185) periods, produced a flowering of art, literature (The Tale of Genji — the world's first novel — was written circa 1000 CE), and architecture whose elegance still defines the image of classical Japan.

The medieval period of warring samurai clans (1185–1615) culminated in the unification of Japan under Tokugawa Ieyasu, whose dynasty (Edo period, 1603–1868) sealed Japan from foreign contact for over 200 years — a period of extraordinary cultural development in art, theatre, and philosophy. When American Commodore Perry's "black ships" forced Japan to open in 1853, the resulting crisis triggered the Meiji Restoration of 1868: Japan modernised at breathtaking speed, adopting Western science and industry while preserving its cultural identity. The catastrophic path of imperial militarism through China, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific ended in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. Post-war Japan rebuilt with extraordinary determination, becoming the world's second-largest economy by 1968 — an economic miracle whose legacy is the Japan you experience today.

Culture & People

Japanese culture is shaped by a profound tension between the ancient and the ultramodern, and the country's genius lies in how it navigates this tension with grace rather than anxiety. The concept of ma (negative space, the meaningful pause), the philosophy of wabi-sabi (finding beauty in imperfection and transience), and the principle of shokunin kishitsu (artisan spirit — the relentless pursuit of craft mastery) run as deep currents beneath both a Kyoto tea ceremony and a Tokyo video game studio. Shinto — Japan's indigenous animist religion — and Buddhism, which arrived from China and Korea in the 6th century, coexist in daily life with remarkable harmony; Japanese people typically celebrate birth and marriage at Shinto shrines and conduct funerals at Buddhist temples.

Group harmony (wa), the reading of social situations without explicit communication (kuuki wo yomu — "reading the air"), and a profound sensitivity to the feelings of others make Japanese social interaction a subtly different experience from Western norms. The concept of honne (one's true feelings) versus tatemae (the face shown publicly) reflects a culture that values social cohesion highly. Japan's extraordinary output in manga, anime, fashion (harajuku street style, Comme des Garçons, Issey Miyake), cinema (Kurosawa, Miyazaki), and architecture (Tadao Ando, Kengo Kuma) demonstrates a culture of boundless creativity operating within deep structures of tradition — a combination found nowhere else.

Food & Cuisine

Japanese cuisine is the most deeply developed and obsessively refined in the world — a fact acknowledged by Tokyo having more Michelin-starred restaurants than any other city on earth. But the genius of Japanese food is equally present in a ¥600 bowl of ramen slurped at a counter stall in Fukuoka, a piece of impossibly fresh tuna nigiri in a Tokyo sushi bar where the chef has been perfecting his rice seasoning for 20 years, or a perfectly golden tonkatsu pork cutlet served with rice, pickles, and miso soup in a Nagoya specialist restaurant. Every dish is the result of specialist focus — the Japanese concept of shokunin (artisan devotion to a single craft) produces masters of ramen, sushi, tempura, yakitori, wagashi sweets, and matcha tea who approach their work with the dedication of classical musicians.

Regional food identity is intense and celebrated: Osaka is the "food capital" (kuiadaore — eat until you drop), famous for takoyaki (octopus balls), okonomiyaki (savoury pancake), and kushikatsu (deep-fried skewers). Kyoto's kaiseki multi-course cuisine reflects the aesthetics of the imperial court — seasonal, restrained, and visually exquisite. Hokkaido is famous for its dairy (soft-serve ice cream, butter, cheese), fresh crab, and miso ramen. Hiroshima's layered okonomiyaki and Hakata's creamy tonkotsu ramen complete a food geography that justifies an entire journey. Sake, shochu, craft beer, and Japanese whisky (Suntory Yamazaki, Nikka Yoichi) are all world-class; the Japanese relationship with craft beverage is as serious and discerning as that with food.

Top Attractions

  • Fushimi Inari Taisha, Kyoto — Thousands of vermilion torii gates wind up a forested mountain behind this iconic Shinto shrine; walk the full two-hour circuit at dawn before the crowds arrive.
  • Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park and Museum — A profoundly moving memorial to the 140,000 victims of the world's first atomic bomb, with the skeletal A-Bomb Dome reflected in the Ōta River.
  • Shinjuku and Shibuya, Tokyo — The great nerve centres of modern Tokyo — Shinjuku's Golden Gai laneway bars and towering neon, and Shibuya's legendary scramble crossing and vibrant youth culture.
  • Arashiyama Bamboo Grove, Kyoto — A pathway through soaring green bamboo stems that click and sigh in the breeze — a ten-minute walk that feels like stepping into a Studio Ghibli film.
  • Mount Fuji and Fuji Five Lakes — Japan's sacred symbol, a perfect volcanic cone visible from Tokyo on clear days; climb in July–August or view from Kawaguchiko lake at dawn for the classic reflection.
  • Nara Deer Park and Tōdai-ji Temple — Hundreds of deer considered sacred messengers roam freely around the world's largest wooden building, housing a 15-metre bronze Buddha cast in 752 CE.

Practical Travel Tips

  • Get an IC card (Suica or Pasmo) loaded with yen at any major station — it covers trains, buses, and subway across most of Japan, and works as a contactless payment at convenience stores and vending machines.
  • The Japan Rail Pass (purchased before arrival) covers all Shinkansen bullet trains and is excellent value for multi-city itineraries covering Tokyo–Kyoto–Hiroshima–Osaka or further destinations.
  • Convenience stores (7-Eleven, Lawson, FamilyMart) are among the best in the world — eat onigiri (rice balls), hot steamed buns, and fresh sandwiches with confidence; ATMs inside accept foreign cards.
  • Tipping is not practiced in Japan and can cause confusion or embarrassment — excellent service is expected as standard and does not require additional payment.
  • Tattoos are still prohibited in many onsen (hot spring baths) and some public pools; if you have visible tattoos, look for tattoo-friendly onsen, private bath rooms, or outdoor mountain onsen that are more relaxed.
  • Rubbish bins are extremely rare in public spaces — carry a small bag for your rubbish as Japanese cities are spotlessly clean and you are expected to take your waste with you.
  • Download Google Maps offline and the Hyperdia app for train route planning; Japanese public transport is complex but these tools make navigating it manageable for any traveller.

Visa Overview

Japan operates a generous visa-free entry policy for citizens of most developed nations, including the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, EU member states, Australia, and many others, for stays of up to 90 days. Your passport must be valid for the duration of your stay. Japan has implemented an ETIAS-equivalent pre-registration system for some nationalities; check the Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs website for the current requirements for your passport. A return or onward ticket and proof of sufficient funds may be requested on arrival. Working holiday visas are available for young citizens of several partner countries.

Getting Around

Japan's transport system is the world's most reliable and comprehensive. The Shinkansen bullet train network connects Tokyo with Osaka (2h15m), Hiroshima (4h), Kyoto (2h20m), Fukuoka (5h), and Sapporo; the Japan Rail Pass covers all these routes if purchased outside Japan before arrival. Within cities, subway and train networks are extensive and punctual — Tokyo's 13-line metro reaches virtually every neighbourhood. IC cards (Suica/Pasmo) work across trains, buses, and even taxis in most cities. For rural Japan, rental cars provide freedom; driving is on the left and road signage includes English.

Safety Notes

Japan is consistently ranked among the world's safest countries for travellers, with exceptionally low crime rates and a culture of honesty — lost wallets are regularly handed in to police boxes (koban) with all contents intact. Natural hazards are the primary safety consideration: Japan lies on the Pacific Ring of Fire and experiences frequent earthquakes; familiarise yourself with evacuation procedures at your accommodation and download the Japan Earthquake Early Warning app. Typhoons are possible between June and October, particularly on the southern and eastern coasts; monitor Japan Meteorological Agency warnings during this season.

Live Exchange Rates

Current exchange rates for currencies used in Japan.

Japanese yen (JPY) ¥
Updated: 2026-08-20
Currency CodeRate
1INCH 0.072970
AAVE 0.000066
ADA 0.033921
AED 0.023191
AFN 0.413314
AGIX 0.110979
AKT 0.012284
ALGO 0.076709
ALL 0.501050
AMD 2.292268
AMP 16.461650
ANG 0.011311
AOA 5.799490
APE 0.049104
APT 0.011289
AR 0.003398
ARB 0.072200
ARS 9.453885
ATOM 0.004232
ATS 0.074387
AUD 0.008884
AVAX 0.000932
AWG 0.011304
AXS 0.007006
AZM 53.675225
AZN 0.010735
BAKE 9.078296
BAM 0.010573
BAT 0.100993
BBD 0.012630
BCH 0.000030
BDT 0.768377
BEF 0.218075
BGN 0.010573
BHD 0.002374
BIF 18.782524
BMD 0.006315
BNB 0.000010
BND 0.008030
BOB 0.072532
BRL 0.032701
BSD 0.006315
BSV 0.000394
BSW 17.424733
BTC 0.000000
BTCB 0.106689
BTG 0.014391
BTN 0.603838
BTT 23,211.114678
BUSD 0.006311
BWP 0.084940
BYN 0.019093
BYR 123.753360
BZD 0.012684
CAD 0.008716
CAKE 0.003919
CDF 14.476292
CELO 0.100906
CFX 0.144179
CHF 0.005044
CHZ 0.493994
CLP 5.819671
CNH 0.042470
CNY 0.042472
COMP 0.000343
COP 19.277989
CRC 2.843027
CRO 0.126732
CRV 0.024204
CSPR 2.364427
CUC 0.006314
CUP 0.167320
CVE 0.596113
CVX 0.003904
CYP 0.003164
CZK 0.130659
DAI 0.006314
DASH 0.000199
DCR 0.000535
DEM 0.010573
DFI 6.346298
DJF 1.121595
DKK 0.040414
DOGE 0.084113
DOP 0.368805
DOT 0.007979
DYDX 0.057406
DZD 0.838074
EEK 0.084585
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EOS 0.095682
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GMX 0.000928
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GT 0.000907
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HT 0.055605
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IDR 112.417162
IEP 0.004258
ILS 0.018808
IMP 0.004641
IMX 0.060362
INJ 0.001360
INR 0.603838
IQD 8.224771
IRR 8,679.151447
ISK 0.768782
ITL 10.467354
JEP 0.004641
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JOD 0.004477
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KAVA 0.153420
KCS 0.000866
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LUNC 124.993278
LVL 0.003799
LYD 0.039959
MAD 0.058442
MANA 0.094195
MBX 0.305368
MDL 0.108250
MGA 27.047758
MGF 135.238790
MINA 0.147770
MKD 0.333408
MKR 0.000004
MMK 13.257809
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MOP 0.051007
MRO 2.515102
MRU 0.251510
MTL 0.002321
MUR 0.296610
MVR 0.097620
MWK 10.899819
MXN 0.107022
MXV 0.012217
MYR 0.025530
MZM 402.979987
MZN 0.402980
NAD 0.101674
NEAR 0.003622
NEO 0.003469
NEXO 0.008456
NFT 22,422.255697
NGN 8.504255
NIO 0.231706
NLG 0.011913
NOK 0.058905
NPR 0.966593
NZD 0.010624
OKB 0.000062
OMR 0.002431
ONE 8.752787
OP 0.071100
ORDI 0.001715
PAB 0.006315
PAXG 0.000001
PEN 0.021160
PEPE 2,179.963962
PGK 0.028351
PHP 0.389115
PI 0.070270
PKR 1.745732
PLN 0.023347
POL 0.077361
PTE 1.083793
PYG 37.785802
QAR 0.022986
QNT 0.000107
QTUM 0.008749
ROL 283.616042
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RPL 0.004061
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RUNE 0.014806
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RWF 9.259937
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SBD 0.050521
SCR 0.091602
SDD 378.995574
SDG 3.789956
SEK 0.059596
SGD 0.008030
SHIB 1,332.759666
SHP 0.004641
SIT 1.295479
SKK 0.162859
SLE 0.144689
SLL 144.689319
SNX 0.030807
SOL 0.000074
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SPL 0.001052
SRD 0.238737
SRG 238.737272
SSP 35.798838
STD 133.309492
STN 0.133309
STX 0.048411
SUI 0.008948
SVC 0.055255
SYP 82.093937
SZL 0.101674
THB 0.207342
THETA 0.042015
TJS 0.057923
TMM 110.487368
TMT 0.022097
TND 0.018301
TOP 0.015043
TRL 302,827.122282
TRX 0.018905
TRY 0.302827
TTD 0.042687
TUSD 0.006324
TVD 0.008884
TWD 0.201046
TWT 0.015790
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XAF 3.546062
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XAU 0.000001
XAUT 0.000001
XBT 0.000000
XCD 0.017094
XCG 0.011311
XCH 0.004457
XDC 0.227016
XDR 0.004612
XEC 900.628934
XEM 13.487978
XLM 0.036767
XMR 0.000015
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XPD 0.000005
XPF 0.645100
XPT 0.000004
XRP 0.005691
XTZ 0.028988
YER 1.497076
ZAR 0.101674
ZEC 0.000011
ZIL 2.597895
ZMK 118.296389
ZMW 0.118296
ZWD 2.285356
ZWG 0.168420
ZWL 420.834871

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Cities in Japan 1051
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Abashiri Abiko Ageo Ago Agui Aikawa Aioi Aira Aizubange Aizumi Aizuwakamatsu Akabira Akashi Aki Akiruno Akishima Akita Ako Akune Amagasaki Amagi Ami Anan Anjo Annaka Aomori Arai Arao Arida Asaba Asahi Asahikawa Asaka Ashibetsu Ashikaga Ashikita Ashiya Aso Atami Atsugi Atsumi Ayabe Ayase Azuma Beppu Bibai Bihoro Bisai Bizen Bungotakada Buzen Chatan Chiba Chichibu Chigasaki Chikugo Chikushino Chino Chiryu Chita Chitose Chiyoda Chofu Choshi Daigo Daito Daito Daito Date Dazaifu Ebetsu Ebina Ebino Edosaki Ena Eniwa Enzan Esashi Fuchu Fuchu Fuchu Fuji Fujieda Fujiidera Fujimi Fujimi Fujinomiya Fujioka Fujioka Fujioka Fujisawa Fujishiro Fujiyoshida Fukagawa Fukaya Fukiage Fukuchiyama Fukue Fukui Fukuma Fukumitsu Fukuoka Fukuroi Fukusaki Fukushima Fukuyama Funabashi Funehiki Furano Furukawa Fuso Fussa Futtsu Gamagori Gifu Ginan Ginowan Gobo Godo Gojo Gose Gosen Goshogawara Gotemba Gotsu Gumma Gunma Gushikawa Gyoda Habikino Hachinohe Hachioji Hadano Haebaru Hagi Haibara Haibara Hakodate Hakone 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Iwade Iwafune Iwai Iwaki Iwakuni Iwakura Iwamizawa Iwanai Iwanuma Iwase Iwata Iwate Iwatsuki Iyo Iyomishima Izumi Izumi Izumiotsu Izumisano Izumo Jimokuji Joetsu Jonan Joyo Kadoma Kaga Kagawa Kagoshima Kahoku Kainan Kaita Kaizuka Kajiki Kakamigahara Kakegawa Kakogawa Kakuda Kamagaya Kamaishi Kamakura Kameda Kameoka Kameyama Kamifukuoka Kamiichi Kamiiso Kaminokawa Kaminoyama Kamisato Kamisu Kammaki Kamo Kamogata Kamogawa Kamojima Kanaya Kanazawa Kanda Kani Kanie Kannabe Kannami Kanonji Kanoya Kanuma Kanzaki Karasuyama Karatsu Kariya Kasai Kasakake Kasama Kasamatsu Kasaoka Kaseda Kashiba Kashihara Kashima Kashima Kashiwa Kashiwara Kashiwazaki Kasuga Kasugai Kasukabe Kasumigaura Kasuya Katano Katsuragi Katsuura Katsuyama Kawachi Kawachinagano Kawagoe Kawaguchi Kawai Kawajima Kawamata Kawanishi Kawanishi Kawanoe Kawasaki Kawasaki Kawasoe Kazo Kazuno Kesennuma Kikuchi Kikugawa Kikuyo Kimitsu Kira Kiryu Kisai Kisarazu Kishigawa Kishiwada Kisogawa Kitahiroshima Kitaibaraki Kitajima Kitakami 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Oamishirasato Oarai Obama Obanazawa Obihiro Obu Oda Odate Odawara Ofunato Oga Ogaki Ogawa Ogawara Ogori Ogori Ohara Oharu Ohira Oi Oigawa Oiso Oita Oizumi Oji Ojiya Okagaki Okawa Okaya Okayama Okazaki Okegawa Okinawa Okuchi Omachi Omagari Omama Ome Omigawa Omihachiman Omiya Omiya Omura Omuta Ono Ono Ono Ono Onoda Onojo Onomichi Ora Osaka Osakasayama Osawano Ota Otake Otaru Otawara Otofuke Otsu Otsuchi Otsuki Owariashi Owase Oyabe Oyama Oyama Oyodo Ozu Ozu Rifu Rikuzentakata Ritto Rumoi Ryonan Ryotsu Ryugasaki Ryuo Ryuyo Sabae Sadowara Saga Sagae Sagamihara Sagara Saijo Saiki Saitama Saitma-Shi Saito Sakado Sakae Sakai Sakai Sakai Sakaide Sakaiminato Sakata Saku Sakura Sakurai Sambu Samukawa Sanda Sango Sanjo Sano Sanwa Sanyo Sanyo Saori Sapporo Sasaguri Sasayama Sasebo Satte Sawara Saya Sayama Seika Seki Sekiyado Sendai Sendai Sennan Setaka Seto Settsu Shibata Shibata Shibetsu Shibukawa Shibushi Shichigahama Shido Shiga Shigenobu Shijonawate Shikatsu Shiki Shimabara Shimada Shimamoto Shime Shimizu Shimminato Shimoda Shimodate Shimonoseki Shimosuwa Shimotsuma Shingu Shingu Shinichi Shinjo Shinnanyo Shinshiro Shintomi Shiogama Shiojiri Shiozawa Shippo Shirakawa Shiraoi Shiraoka Shiroi Shiroishi Shirone Shiroyama Shisui Shiwa Shizukuishi Shizunai Shizuoka Shobara Shobu Shonan Showa Sobue Sodegaura Soja Soka Soma Sowa Sue Sueyoshi Sugito Suibara Suita Sukagawa Sukumo Sumoto Sunagawa Susaki Susono Suwa Suzaka Suzu Suzuka Tachikawa Tadotsu Tagajo Tagawa Tahara Taishi Taiwa Tajimi Takahagi Takahama Takahashi Takahata Takaishi Takamatsu Takanabe Takanezawa Takanosu Takaoka Takarazuka Takasago Takasaki Takatsu-Ku Takatsuki Takayama Takefu Takehara Takeo Taketa Taketoyo Takikawa Takizawa Taku Tama Tamamura Tamana Tamano Tanabe Tanashi Tanuma Tanushimaru Tarui Tarumizu Tatebayashi Tateyama Tateyama Tatsuno Tatsuno Tawaramoto Tendo Tenno Tenri Tenryu Toba Tobe Tobetsu Tobu Tochigi Tochio Toda Togane Togitsu Togo Toin Tokai Tokai Tokamachi Toki Tokoname Tokorozawa Tokushima Tokuyama Tokyo Tomakomai Tomigusuku Tomioka Tomisato Tomiya Tomobe Tonami Tondabayashi Tone Tono Tonosho Toride Tosa Tosashimizu Tosayamada Tosu Tottori Towada Toyama Toyo Toyoake Toyoda Toyohashi Toyokawa Toyonaka Toyono Toyooka Toyosaka Toyoshina Toyota Toyoura Tsu Tsubame Tsubata Tsuchiura Tsukuba Tsukui Tsukumi Tsuru Tsuruga Tsurugashima Tsurugi Tsuruoka Tsushima Tsuyama Ube Uchinada Ueda Ueki Ueno Uenohara Ugo Uji Ujiie Umi Uozu Urasoe Urawa Urayasu Ureshino Usa Ushibuka Ushiku Usuki Utashinai Uto Utsunomiya Uwajima Wajima Wakayama Waki Wakkanai Wako Wakuya Warabi Washimiya Watari Yachimata Yachiyo Yachiyo Yahaba Yaita Yaizu Yamada Yamada Yamaga Yamagata Yamaguchi Yamanashi Yamasaki Yamato Yamato Yamatokoriyama Yamatotakada Yame Yamoto Yanagawa Yanagawa Yanai Yao Yasato Yashio Yashiro Yasu Yasugi Yatomi Yatsuo Yatsushiro Yawata Yawatahama Yoichi Yokaichi Yokaichiba Yokkaichi Yokohama Yokosuka Yokote Yomitan Yonago Yonezawa Yono Yorii Yoro Yoshida Yoshida Yoshii Yoshikawa Yoshimi Yotsukaido Yubari Yugawara Yuki Yukuhashi Yumesaki Yuza Yuzawa Zama Zentsuji Zushi

Visa Requirements

Check what visa a citizen of Japan needs to enter any country.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the capital of Japan?
The capital of Japan is Tokyo.
What currency does Japan use?
Japan uses the Japanese yen (¥) as its official currency.
What language is spoken in Japan?
The official language(s) of Japan include Japanese.
What is the population of Japan?
Japan has a population of approximately 123,210,000 people.
What region is Japan in?
Japan is located in Asia, specifically in the Eastern Asia subregion.
What is the international calling code for Japan?
The international dialing code for Japan is +81.
What time zones does Japan observe?
Japan observes the following time zone(s): UTC+09:00.
What is the current time in Japan?
The local time in Japan is currently --:--. This time applies to the primary time zone.
What is the total area of Japan?
Japan covers a total area of 377,930 km².
How many states or provinces does Japan have?
Japan is divided into 48 states or provinces.
What are the public holidays in Japan in 2026?
You can view the complete list of public holidays for Japan in 2026 on the Holidays 2026 page.
What are the visa requirements for citizens of Japan?
Visa requirements for citizens of Japan vary by destination. Use our Visa Requirements Checker below to look up requirements for any destination country.