Americas · South America

Peru

Republic of Peru

Flag of Peru
Local Time
--:--:--
UTC-05:00
🏛️ Capital
Lima
👥 Population
34,350,244
📐 Area
1,285,216 km²
💱 Currency
Peruvian sol (S/ )
🗣️ Languages
Aymara, Quechua, Spanish
📞 Calling Code
+51
🕐 Time Zones
UTC-05:00
🌐 Region
Americas / South America

About Peru

Peru is one of the world's great travel destinations — a country of staggering geographic and cultural depth where the remains of a mighty empire, among the planet's most biodiverse ecosystems, and a world-class culinary renaissance converge in a single extraordinary nation. When you first glimpse the cloud-wreathed citadel of Machu Picchu rising from a saddle of the Andes above the Urubamba River, you understand immediately why this image has captivated the human imagination for over a century. Yet Machu Picchu is merely the most famous door into a country with thousands of equally profound rooms to explore.

The Andes spine that runs through Peru's heart encompasses everything from arid high-altitude puna grasslands grazed by llamas and alpacas to subtropical cloud forests rioting with orchids and hummingbirds. Cusco, the former capital of the Inca Empire, is one of the most compelling cities in the world — a living layering of Inca stonework, Spanish colonial baroque architecture, and vibrant Quechua-speaking communities where ancient festivals are celebrated with a fervor that makes time collapse. The Sacred Valley stretching northwest of Cusco is dotted with Inca terraced ruins, traditional textile markets, and salt pans that have been worked in exactly the same manner since pre-Columbian times.

Lima, the capital, surprises most visitors with its sophistication and creativity. The clifftop neighborhoods of Miraflores and Barranco look out over the Pacific through the ever-present coastal mist, while below, a restaurant scene that has produced multiple entries on the World's 50 Best Restaurants list serves everything from traditional ceviche to avant-garde Amazonian fusion. From the Amazon jungle lowlands at Iquitos to the mysterious Nazca Lines etched into the desert, Peru rewards travelers of every kind with experiences that linger for a lifetime.

History & Background

Peru has been home to sophisticated human civilizations for at least 10,000 years, and the archaeological record reveals a succession of remarkable cultures predating even the Inca Empire. The Chavín de Huántar ceremonial center dates to around 900 BCE; the Moche civilization of the northern coast produced extraordinary ceramic art and pyramid temples between roughly 100 and 800 CE; and the Nazca people created their famous geoglyphs — giant figures etched into the desert floor, visible only from the air — around the same period. These civilizations laid the cultural and agricultural foundations upon which the Inca built their empire from the 13th century onward.

The Inca Empire, known as Tawantinsuyu, expanded from its Cusco heartland to become the largest empire in pre-Columbian American history, stretching 4,300 km along the Pacific coast and incorporating millions of people across modern-day Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Spanish conquistadors under Francisco Pizarro arrived in 1532 and, through a combination of military force, disease, and political manipulation, dismantled the empire within a decade. Three centuries of Spanish colonial rule followed, during which Peru became the wealthiest viceroyalty in the Americas. Independence was declared in 1821, and Peru has since navigated a complex political history that includes periods of military governance and a brutal internal conflict with the Shining Path insurgency in the 1980s and early 1990s.

Culture & People

Peruvian culture is a tapestry woven from Andean Indigenous traditions, Spanish colonial influence, African heritage, and waves of Japanese, Chinese, Italian, and German immigration that have transformed the country into one of Latin America's most culturally diverse nations. The Quechua and Aymara peoples of the Andes maintain living connections to pre-Columbian agricultural practices, textile traditions, spiritual ceremonies, and community governance systems that predate the Inca Empire itself. Festivals like Inti Raymi (Festival of the Sun) in Cusco and Fiesta de la Candelaria in Puno are not merely tourist spectacles — they are living expressions of Indigenous identity that attract millions of Peruvians themselves.

Art and handicraft in Peru are at an extraordinary level. The weavers of Chinchero and the communities around Pisac in the Sacred Valley produce textiles of a technical sophistication that still surpasses modern industrial production. Pre-Columbian gold and ceramic masterpieces in Lima's Larco Museum rank among the finest in the world. Contemporary Peruvian art, architecture, and music — blending traditional Andean instruments like the charango and pan pipes with jazz, electronic, and classical forms — create a cultural scene in Lima that is quietly becoming one of Latin America's most exciting.

Food & Cuisine

Peru's cuisine has achieved international renown as one of the world's most exciting and diverse, drawing on Amazonian ingredients, Andean grains and tubers, Pacific seafood, and the cooking techniques of Japanese, Chinese, Italian, and African immigrants who made Peru their home. Ceviche — fresh raw fish cured in lime juice with ají amarillo pepper, red onion, and cilantro, served with sweet potato and corn — is both the national dish and a daily ritual. Lomo saltado, a stir-fry of beef, onion, tomatoes, and ají peppers tossed in a wok with soy sauce over French fries and rice, shows the Japanese and Chinese influences that created chifa and Nikkei cuisines unique to Peru.

In Cusco and the Andes, try cuy (roasted guinea pig) — a pre-Columbian delicacy eaten at festivals and celebrations for millennia — alongside stews of lamb, quinoa, and native potatoes in extraordinary variety. Lima's restaurant scene is stratospheric: Central, Maido, and Kjolle rank among the world's best restaurants, but equally memorable meals can be found in simple cevicherías and anticuchos (grilled beef heart skewer) stalls on street corners. The Amazon contributes ingredients like camu camu (an extraordinarily vitamin-C-rich citrus), chonta palm hearts, and paiche fish, which are increasingly appearing in sophisticated Lima kitchens as symbols of Peru's extraordinary biodiversity.

Top Attractions

  • Machu Picchu — Explore the iconic 15th-century Inca citadel perched above the clouds in the Andes, one of the world's most awe-inspiring archaeological sites and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  • Cusco Historic Center — Walk the streets of the Inca capital, where Spanish colonial churches are built directly upon Inca stone foundations and the living Quechua culture thrives alongside ancient ruins.
  • Sacred Valley — Visit the terraced ruins of Pisac and Ollantaytambo, browse Chinchero's famous textile market, and take in the extraordinary landscape of this spiritual Andean corridor.
  • Amazon Rainforest, Manu or Tambopata — Journey into the world's most biodiverse rainforest for jungle lodges, river wildlife watching, and encounters with macaws, caimans, and river dolphins.
  • Nazca Lines — Fly over the mysterious ancient geoglyphs etched into the coastal desert — giant hummingbirds, spiders, monkeys, and geometric lines of unknown but awe-inspiring purpose.
  • Larco Museum, Lima — Explore one of Latin America's finest collections of pre-Columbian art, gold, ceramics, and textiles in a beautifully restored colonial mansion in Pueblo Libre.

Practical Travel Tips

  • Book Machu Picchu entry tickets, Inca Trail permits, and Huayna Picchu or Machu Picchu Mountain slots months in advance — they sell out extremely quickly for peak season.
  • Acclimatize to altitude before arriving in Cusco (3,400m) — spend two days resting, avoid alcohol, drink coca tea freely, and ascend gradually if arriving from sea level.
  • The Peruvian sol (PEN) is widely accepted; US dollars are exchangeable at banks and exchange houses but are not always accepted at small establishments directly.
  • Reliable local tour operators for Machu Picchu, the Amazon, and trekking can be found in Cusco and Lima — always verify licensing and reviews before booking.
  • Carry small change for museums, markets, and transport — vendors and taxi drivers rarely carry enough change for large bills.
  • Use only officially marked taxis or app-based rides (InDriver, Cabify) in Lima and Cusco — unofficial taxis have been linked to robbery.
  • Pack layers for the Andes: days can be warm and sunny while evenings and mornings at altitude drop to near-freezing temperatures year-round.

Visa Overview

Citizens of the United States, Canada, European Union countries, the United Kingdom, Australia, and most Latin American nations do not require a visa to enter Peru and may stay up to 183 days as tourists. Entry is granted on arrival at Lima's Jorge Chávez International Airport or at land borders. You will need a valid passport, a return or onward ticket, and evidence of sufficient funds. Some nationalities require advance visas — check with the Peruvian embassy before travel. No specific vaccinations are required for entry, but yellow fever vaccination is recommended for Amazon travel.

Getting Around

Lima's Jorge Chávez International Airport is the main hub, with regular domestic flights connecting to Cusco, Iquitos, Arequipa, and other regional cities via LATAM Peru and Sky Airline. The PeruRail and Inca Rail train services connect Cusco to Aguas Calientes (gateway to Machu Picchu) in comfort. Long-distance buses operated by Cruz del Sur, Oltursa, and CIVA offer comfortable overnight services between major cities. In Cusco and Lima, taxis and Uber-style apps are affordable and practical for getting around.

Safety Notes

Peru is generally safe for tourists in main visitor areas, but petty theft and bag snatching are common in Lima and Cusco. Use hotel safes for valuables, avoid displaying expensive equipment in crowded markets, and be especially cautious in Lima neighborhoods outside Miraflores and San Isidro. Altitude sickness is a real concern above 3,000 meters — ascend gradually and seek medical attention for severe symptoms. The Amazon requires precautions against mosquito-borne illnesses including malaria and dengue fever. Travel insurance with medical evacuation is strongly recommended.

Live Exchange Rates

Current exchange rates for currencies used in Peru.

Peruvian sol (PEN) S/
Updated: 2026-05-19
⌕
Currency CodeRate
1INCH 3.192813
AAVE 0.003281
ADA 1.162217
AED 1.073131
AFN 18.265509
AKT 0.362489
ALGO 2.721195
ALL 23.981588
AMD 107.541839
AMP 349.243707
ANG 0.526452
AOA 268.414230
APE 2.026199
APT 0.309505
AR 0.136779
ARB 2.500149
ARS 407.948389
ATOM 0.142028
ATS 3.453979
AUD 0.409422
AVAX 0.031661
AWG 0.523051
AXS 0.248851
AZM 2,483.771525
AZN 0.496754
BAKE 395.214558
BAM 0.490934
BAT 3.016071
BBD 0.584415
BCH 0.000769
BDT 35.907532
BEF 10.125737
BGN 0.490934
BHD 0.109870
BIF 870.507080
BMD 0.292207
BNB 0.000455
BND 0.374039
BOB 2.025244
BRL 1.463899
BSD 0.292207
BSV 0.019423
BSW 341.391338
BTC 0.000004
BTG 0.759604
BTN 28.165602
BTT 908,248.029761
BUSD 0.292355
BWP 3.972574
BYN 0.803567
BYR 8,035.669916
BZD 0.588136
CAD 0.401722
CAKE 0.206700
CDF 670.601142
CELO 3.631338
CFX 4.962333
CHF 0.229622
CHZ 5.943045
CLP 263.286422
CNH 1.988183
CNY 1.987498
COMP 0.013263
COP 1,110.136242
CRC 132.286978
CRO 4.181464
CRV 1.238493
CSPR 98.916882
CUC 0.292207
CUP 7.011527
CVE 27.678924
CVX 0.168359
CYP 0.146910
CZK 6.102238
DAI 0.292352
DASH 0.006812
DCR 0.017359
DEM 0.490934
DFI 297.572331
DJF 51.995030
DKK 1.875743
DOGE 2.801621
DOP 17.297459
DOT 0.233995
DYDX 2.020207
DZD 38.792862
EEK 3.927470
EGLD 0.074550
EGP 15.581212
ENJ 6.803449
EOS 3.612257
ERN 4.383109
ESP 41.764627
ETB 46.012514
ETC 0.032810
ETH 0.000137
EUR 0.251010
EURC 0.250815
FEI 0.293322
FIL 0.302803
FIM 1.492440
FJD 0.644342
FKP 0.217855
FLOW 8.097842
FLR 34.981042
FRAX 0.294263
FRF 1.646521
FTT 0.904391
GALA 86.906632
GBP 0.217855
GEL 0.780627
GGP 0.217855
GHC 33,428.272440
GHS 3.342827
GIP 0.217855
GMD 21.586340
GMX 0.044164
GNF 2,563.179652
GNO 0.002471
GRD 85.531815
GRT 11.618154
GT 0.041189
GTQ 2.227607
GUSD 0.292859
GYD 61.114165
HBAR 3.246264
HKD 2.288359
HNL 7.773370
HNT 0.354809
HOT 736.464568
HRK 1.891238
HT 2.015087
HTG 38.246322
HUF 90.512881
ICP 0.113141
IDR 5,179.408914
IEP 0.197687
ILS 0.848081
IMP 0.217855
IMX 1.716543
INJ 0.056063
INR 28.165602
IQD 382.867687
IRR 385,176.147948
ISK 35.994679
ITL 486.024030
JEP 0.217855
JMD 46.205815
JOD 0.207175
JPY 46.441657
KAS 8.455562
KAVA 5.073765
KCS 0.036478
KDA 35.129180
KES 37.787785
KGS 25.561351
KHR 1,171.954278
KLAY 5.617690
KMF 123.489053
KNC 2.035175
KPW 262.980826
KRW 439.823336
KSM 0.058683
KWD 0.089953
KYD 0.243044
KZT 137.112510
LAK 6,409.420635
LBP 26,195.774839
LDO 0.820456
LEO 0.028966
LINK 0.030148
LKR 97.316238
LRC 18.030190
LRD 53.555396
LSL 4.865046
LTC 0.005381
LTL 0.866689
LUF 10.125737
LUNA 4.616753
LUNC 3,717.691134
LVL 0.176410
LYD 1.855482
MAD 2.689177
MANA 3.315584
MBX 7.462327
MDL 5.056673
MGA 1,222.696004
MGF 6,113.480020
MINA 5.115185
MKD 15.468321
MKR 0.000170
MMK 613.414782
MNT 1,045.803897
MOP 2.357010
MRO 116.831538
MRU 11.683154
MTL 0.107759
MUR 13.816447
MVR 4.513019
MWK 508.574283
MXN 5.056574
MXV 0.572203
MYR 1.161328
MZM 18,663.398822
MZN 18.663399
NAD 4.865046
NEAR 0.181095
NEO 0.101066
NEXO 0.328522
NFT 1,033,155.111544
NGN 400.634638
NIO 10.740842
NLG 0.553154
NOK 2.709819
NPR 45.086088
NZD 0.499099
OKB 0.003573
OMR 0.112403
ONE 142.555182
OP 2.275980
ORDI 0.070202
PAB 0.292207
PAXG 0.000064
PEPE 79,347.617798
PGK 1.291007
PHP 18.032440
PI 1.925078
PKR 81.410712
PLN 1.064879
POL 3.214597
PTE 50.323080
PYG 1,778.502933
QAR 1.063635
QNT 0.003905
QTUM 0.323609
ROL 13,076.271812
RON 1.307627
RPL 0.168368
RSD 29.460976
RUB 21.177710
RUNE 0.652925
RVN 52.871999
RWF 427.240335
SAND 4.057578
SAR 1.095777
SBD 2.339460
SCR 4.289779
SDD 17,539.184685
SDG 175.391847
SEK 2.749398
SGD 0.374039
SHIB 50,695.355412
SHP 0.217855
SIT 60.152147
SKK 7.561941
SLE 6.692970
SLL 6,692.970053
SNX 0.943331
SOL 0.003438
SOS 166.977749
SPL 0.048701
SRD 10.877359
SRG 10,877.358690
SSP 1,377.648864
STD 6,216.051797
STN 6.216052
STX 1.223249
SUI 0.276171
SVC 2.556814
SYP 32.299324
SZL 4.865046
THB 9.531893
THETA 1.480097
TJS 2.719957
TMM 5,124.178554
TMT 1.024836
TND 0.848602
TON 0.145215
TOP 0.695139
TRL 13,319,824.569974
TRX 0.819243
TRY 13.319825
TTD 1.982055
TUSD 0.292563
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TWT 0.611526
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VAL 486.024030
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VED 151.159717
VEF 15,115,971.720744
VES 151.159717
VET 43.379282
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XAF 164.652071
XAG 0.003839
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XBT 0.000004
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XCG 0.526452
XCH 0.105279
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XEM 439.056161
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XMR 0.000756
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XTZ 0.854599
YER 69.726480
ZAR 4.865046
ZEC 0.000510
ZIL 74.323341
ZMK 5,522.716877
ZMW 5.522717
ZWD 105.749815
ZWG 7.571155
ZWL 18,918.229226

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Río Santiago Río Tambo Rioja Roble Rosaspata Rupa-Rupa Sabaino Sabandía Sachaca Sacsamara Saisa Salamanca Salas Salas Salaverry Salitral Sama Samán Samegua Samuel Pastor San Agustin San Agustín de Cajas San Andres San Antón San Antonio San Antonio San Antonio San Antonio San Antonio de Antaparco San Antonio del Estrecho San Borja San Clemente San Cristo San Cristóbal San Cristóbal San Cristóbal San Cristóbal San Cristóbal de Chocos San Cristóbal de Huañec San Cristóbal de Raján San Damián San Fernando San Francisco San Francisco San Francisco de Asís San Francisco de Asís de Yarusyacán San Francisco de Cayrán San Genaro San Hilarión San Ignacio San Isidro San Isidro San Isidro de Maino San Jacinto San Jacinto San Jacinto San Jerónimo San Jeronimo San Jerónimo San Jerónimo de Tunán San José San Jose San Jose San José de Los Molinos San José de Ticllas San Juan San Juan San Juan Bautista San Juan Bautista San Juan Bautista San Juan de Bigote San Juan de Churín San Juan de Jarpa San Juan 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Visa Requirements

Check what visa a citizen of Peru needs to enter any country.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the capital of Peru?
The capital of Peru is Lima.
What currency does Peru use?
Peru uses the Peruvian sol (S/ ) as its official currency.
What language is spoken in Peru?
The official language(s) of Peru include Aymara, Quechua, Spanish.
What is the population of Peru?
Peru has a population of approximately 34,350,244 people.
What region is Peru in?
Peru is located in Americas, specifically in the South America subregion.
What is the international calling code for Peru?
The international dialing code for Peru is +51.
What time zones does Peru observe?
Peru observes the following time zone(s): UTC-05:00.
What is the current time in Peru?
The local time in Peru is currently --:--. This time applies to the primary time zone.
What is the total area of Peru?
Peru covers a total area of 1,285,216 km².
How many states or provinces does Peru have?
Peru is divided into 26 states or provinces.
What are the public holidays in Peru in 2026?
You can view the complete list of public holidays for Peru in 2026 on the Holidays 2026 page.
What are the visa requirements for citizens of Peru?
Visa requirements for citizens of Peru vary by destination. Use our Visa Requirements Checker below to look up requirements for any destination country.