Americas · South America
Peru
Republic of Peru
🏛️ Capital
Lima
👥 Population
34,350,244
📐 Area
1,285,216 km²
💱 Currency
Peruvian sol (S/ )
🗣️ Languages
Aymara, Quechua, Spanish
📞 Calling Code
+51
🕐 Time Zones
UTC-05:00
🌐 Region
Americas / South America
About Peru
Peru is one of the world's great travel destinations — a country of staggering geographic and cultural depth where the remains of a mighty empire, among the planet's most biodiverse ecosystems, and a world-class culinary renaissance converge in a single extraordinary nation. When you first glimpse the cloud-wreathed citadel of Machu Picchu rising from a saddle of the Andes above the Urubamba River, you understand immediately why this image has captivated the human imagination for over a century. Yet Machu Picchu is merely the most famous door into a country with thousands of equally profound rooms to explore.
The Andes spine that runs through Peru's heart encompasses everything from arid high-altitude puna grasslands grazed by llamas and alpacas to subtropical cloud forests rioting with orchids and hummingbirds. Cusco, the former capital of the Inca Empire, is one of the most compelling cities in the world — a living layering of Inca stonework, Spanish colonial baroque architecture, and vibrant Quechua-speaking communities where ancient festivals are celebrated with a fervor that makes time collapse. The Sacred Valley stretching northwest of Cusco is dotted with Inca terraced ruins, traditional textile markets, and salt pans that have been worked in exactly the same manner since pre-Columbian times.
Lima, the capital, surprises most visitors with its sophistication and creativity. The clifftop neighborhoods of Miraflores and Barranco look out over the Pacific through the ever-present coastal mist, while below, a restaurant scene that has produced multiple entries on the World's 50 Best Restaurants list serves everything from traditional ceviche to avant-garde Amazonian fusion. From the Amazon jungle lowlands at Iquitos to the mysterious Nazca Lines etched into the desert, Peru rewards travelers of every kind with experiences that linger for a lifetime.
The Andes spine that runs through Peru's heart encompasses everything from arid high-altitude puna grasslands grazed by llamas and alpacas to subtropical cloud forests rioting with orchids and hummingbirds. Cusco, the former capital of the Inca Empire, is one of the most compelling cities in the world — a living layering of Inca stonework, Spanish colonial baroque architecture, and vibrant Quechua-speaking communities where ancient festivals are celebrated with a fervor that makes time collapse. The Sacred Valley stretching northwest of Cusco is dotted with Inca terraced ruins, traditional textile markets, and salt pans that have been worked in exactly the same manner since pre-Columbian times.
Lima, the capital, surprises most visitors with its sophistication and creativity. The clifftop neighborhoods of Miraflores and Barranco look out over the Pacific through the ever-present coastal mist, while below, a restaurant scene that has produced multiple entries on the World's 50 Best Restaurants list serves everything from traditional ceviche to avant-garde Amazonian fusion. From the Amazon jungle lowlands at Iquitos to the mysterious Nazca Lines etched into the desert, Peru rewards travelers of every kind with experiences that linger for a lifetime.
History & Background
Peru has been home to sophisticated human civilizations for at least 10,000 years, and the archaeological record reveals a succession of remarkable cultures predating even the Inca Empire. The Chavín de Huántar ceremonial center dates to around 900 BCE; the Moche civilization of the northern coast produced extraordinary ceramic art and pyramid temples between roughly 100 and 800 CE; and the Nazca people created their famous geoglyphs — giant figures etched into the desert floor, visible only from the air — around the same period. These civilizations laid the cultural and agricultural foundations upon which the Inca built their empire from the 13th century onward.
The Inca Empire, known as Tawantinsuyu, expanded from its Cusco heartland to become the largest empire in pre-Columbian American history, stretching 4,300 km along the Pacific coast and incorporating millions of people across modern-day Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Spanish conquistadors under Francisco Pizarro arrived in 1532 and, through a combination of military force, disease, and political manipulation, dismantled the empire within a decade. Three centuries of Spanish colonial rule followed, during which Peru became the wealthiest viceroyalty in the Americas. Independence was declared in 1821, and Peru has since navigated a complex political history that includes periods of military governance and a brutal internal conflict with the Shining Path insurgency in the 1980s and early 1990s.
The Inca Empire, known as Tawantinsuyu, expanded from its Cusco heartland to become the largest empire in pre-Columbian American history, stretching 4,300 km along the Pacific coast and incorporating millions of people across modern-day Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Spanish conquistadors under Francisco Pizarro arrived in 1532 and, through a combination of military force, disease, and political manipulation, dismantled the empire within a decade. Three centuries of Spanish colonial rule followed, during which Peru became the wealthiest viceroyalty in the Americas. Independence was declared in 1821, and Peru has since navigated a complex political history that includes periods of military governance and a brutal internal conflict with the Shining Path insurgency in the 1980s and early 1990s.
Culture & People
Peruvian culture is a tapestry woven from Andean Indigenous traditions, Spanish colonial influence, African heritage, and waves of Japanese, Chinese, Italian, and German immigration that have transformed the country into one of Latin America's most culturally diverse nations. The Quechua and Aymara peoples of the Andes maintain living connections to pre-Columbian agricultural practices, textile traditions, spiritual ceremonies, and community governance systems that predate the Inca Empire itself. Festivals like Inti Raymi (Festival of the Sun) in Cusco and Fiesta de la Candelaria in Puno are not merely tourist spectacles — they are living expressions of Indigenous identity that attract millions of Peruvians themselves.
Art and handicraft in Peru are at an extraordinary level. The weavers of Chinchero and the communities around Pisac in the Sacred Valley produce textiles of a technical sophistication that still surpasses modern industrial production. Pre-Columbian gold and ceramic masterpieces in Lima's Larco Museum rank among the finest in the world. Contemporary Peruvian art, architecture, and music — blending traditional Andean instruments like the charango and pan pipes with jazz, electronic, and classical forms — create a cultural scene in Lima that is quietly becoming one of Latin America's most exciting.
Art and handicraft in Peru are at an extraordinary level. The weavers of Chinchero and the communities around Pisac in the Sacred Valley produce textiles of a technical sophistication that still surpasses modern industrial production. Pre-Columbian gold and ceramic masterpieces in Lima's Larco Museum rank among the finest in the world. Contemporary Peruvian art, architecture, and music — blending traditional Andean instruments like the charango and pan pipes with jazz, electronic, and classical forms — create a cultural scene in Lima that is quietly becoming one of Latin America's most exciting.
Food & Cuisine
Peru's cuisine has achieved international renown as one of the world's most exciting and diverse, drawing on Amazonian ingredients, Andean grains and tubers, Pacific seafood, and the cooking techniques of Japanese, Chinese, Italian, and African immigrants who made Peru their home. Ceviche — fresh raw fish cured in lime juice with ají amarillo pepper, red onion, and cilantro, served with sweet potato and corn — is both the national dish and a daily ritual. Lomo saltado, a stir-fry of beef, onion, tomatoes, and ají peppers tossed in a wok with soy sauce over French fries and rice, shows the Japanese and Chinese influences that created chifa and Nikkei cuisines unique to Peru.
In Cusco and the Andes, try cuy (roasted guinea pig) — a pre-Columbian delicacy eaten at festivals and celebrations for millennia — alongside stews of lamb, quinoa, and native potatoes in extraordinary variety. Lima's restaurant scene is stratospheric: Central, Maido, and Kjolle rank among the world's best restaurants, but equally memorable meals can be found in simple cevicherías and anticuchos (grilled beef heart skewer) stalls on street corners. The Amazon contributes ingredients like camu camu (an extraordinarily vitamin-C-rich citrus), chonta palm hearts, and paiche fish, which are increasingly appearing in sophisticated Lima kitchens as symbols of Peru's extraordinary biodiversity.
In Cusco and the Andes, try cuy (roasted guinea pig) — a pre-Columbian delicacy eaten at festivals and celebrations for millennia — alongside stews of lamb, quinoa, and native potatoes in extraordinary variety. Lima's restaurant scene is stratospheric: Central, Maido, and Kjolle rank among the world's best restaurants, but equally memorable meals can be found in simple cevicherías and anticuchos (grilled beef heart skewer) stalls on street corners. The Amazon contributes ingredients like camu camu (an extraordinarily vitamin-C-rich citrus), chonta palm hearts, and paiche fish, which are increasingly appearing in sophisticated Lima kitchens as symbols of Peru's extraordinary biodiversity.
Top Attractions
- Machu Picchu — Explore the iconic 15th-century Inca citadel perched above the clouds in the Andes, one of the world's most awe-inspiring archaeological sites and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Cusco Historic Center — Walk the streets of the Inca capital, where Spanish colonial churches are built directly upon Inca stone foundations and the living Quechua culture thrives alongside ancient ruins.
- Sacred Valley — Visit the terraced ruins of Pisac and Ollantaytambo, browse Chinchero's famous textile market, and take in the extraordinary landscape of this spiritual Andean corridor.
- Amazon Rainforest, Manu or Tambopata — Journey into the world's most biodiverse rainforest for jungle lodges, river wildlife watching, and encounters with macaws, caimans, and river dolphins.
- Nazca Lines — Fly over the mysterious ancient geoglyphs etched into the coastal desert — giant hummingbirds, spiders, monkeys, and geometric lines of unknown but awe-inspiring purpose.
- Larco Museum, Lima — Explore one of Latin America's finest collections of pre-Columbian art, gold, ceramics, and textiles in a beautifully restored colonial mansion in Pueblo Libre.
Practical Travel Tips
- Book Machu Picchu entry tickets, Inca Trail permits, and Huayna Picchu or Machu Picchu Mountain slots months in advance — they sell out extremely quickly for peak season.
- Acclimatize to altitude before arriving in Cusco (3,400m) — spend two days resting, avoid alcohol, drink coca tea freely, and ascend gradually if arriving from sea level.
- The Peruvian sol (PEN) is widely accepted; US dollars are exchangeable at banks and exchange houses but are not always accepted at small establishments directly.
- Reliable local tour operators for Machu Picchu, the Amazon, and trekking can be found in Cusco and Lima — always verify licensing and reviews before booking.
- Carry small change for museums, markets, and transport — vendors and taxi drivers rarely carry enough change for large bills.
- Use only officially marked taxis or app-based rides (InDriver, Cabify) in Lima and Cusco — unofficial taxis have been linked to robbery.
- Pack layers for the Andes: days can be warm and sunny while evenings and mornings at altitude drop to near-freezing temperatures year-round.
Visa Overview
Citizens of the United States, Canada, European Union countries, the United Kingdom, Australia, and most Latin American nations do not require a visa to enter Peru and may stay up to 183 days as tourists. Entry is granted on arrival at Lima's Jorge Chávez International Airport or at land borders. You will need a valid passport, a return or onward ticket, and evidence of sufficient funds. Some nationalities require advance visas — check with the Peruvian embassy before travel. No specific vaccinations are required for entry, but yellow fever vaccination is recommended for Amazon travel.
Getting Around
Lima's Jorge Chávez International Airport is the main hub, with regular domestic flights connecting to Cusco, Iquitos, Arequipa, and other regional cities via LATAM Peru and Sky Airline. The PeruRail and Inca Rail train services connect Cusco to Aguas Calientes (gateway to Machu Picchu) in comfort. Long-distance buses operated by Cruz del Sur, Oltursa, and CIVA offer comfortable overnight services between major cities. In Cusco and Lima, taxis and Uber-style apps are affordable and practical for getting around.
Safety Notes
Peru is generally safe for tourists in main visitor areas, but petty theft and bag snatching are common in Lima and Cusco. Use hotel safes for valuables, avoid displaying expensive equipment in crowded markets, and be especially cautious in Lima neighborhoods outside Miraflores and San Isidro. Altitude sickness is a real concern above 3,000 meters — ascend gradually and seek medical attention for severe symptoms. The Amazon requires precautions against mosquito-borne illnesses including malaria and dengue fever. Travel insurance with medical evacuation is strongly recommended.
Live Exchange Rates
Current exchange rates for currencies used in Peru.
Peruvian sol (PEN) S/
Updated: 2026-10-05
Peruvian sol (PEN) S/
Updated: 2026-10-05
| Currency Code | Rate |
|---|---|
| 1INCH | 2.769138 |
| AAVE | 0.001601 |
| ADA | 1.083484 |
| AED | 1.061265 |
| AFN | 18.636736 |
| AKT | 0.364773 |
| ALGO | 2.206698 |
| ALL | 23.625730 |
| AMD | 104.683511 |
| AMP | 456.725266 |
| ANG | 0.520309 |
| AOA | 265.160829 |
| APE | 1.722533 |
| APT | 0.365598 |
| AR | 0.064580 |
| ARB | 1.437391 |
| ARS | 442.774785 |
| ATOM | 0.165928 |
| ATS | 3.555592 |
| AUD | 0.416541 |
| AVAX | 0.026531 |
| AWG | 0.517268 |
| AXS | 0.220614 |
| AZM | 2,456.339643 |
| AZN | 0.491268 |
| BAKE | 1,203.347937 |
| BAM | 0.505377 |
| BAT | 2.813493 |
| BBD | 0.577953 |
| BCH | 0.000908 |
| BDT | 35.535617 |
| BEF | 10.423627 |
| BGN | 0.505377 |
| BHD | 0.108655 |
| BIF | 870.945045 |
| BMD | 0.288976 |
| BNB | 0.000366 |
| BND | 0.370433 |
| BOB | 3.461038 |
| BRL | 1.508733 |
| BSD | 0.288976 |
| BSV | 0.014456 |
| BSW | 695.650117 |
| BTC | 0.000003 |
| BTCB | 4.077468 |
| BTG | 0.436809 |
| BTN | 27.869879 |
| BTT | 771,680.625579 |
| BUSD | 0.288302 |
| BWP | 3.991164 |
| BYN | 0.868535 |
| BYR | 5,655.864871 |
| BZD | 0.581619 |
| CAD | 0.412795 |
| CAKE | 0.115698 |
| CDF | 667.967847 |
| CELO | 2.747971 |
| CFX | 5.359019 |
| CHF | 0.239861 |
| CHZ | 17.290074 |
| CLP | 283.150657 |
| CNH | 1.939245 |
| CNY | 1.937622 |
| COMP | 0.011527 |
| COP | 947.956443 |
| CRC | 132.379181 |
| CRO | 4.232566 |
| CRV | 0.754595 |
| CSPR | 112.100004 |
| CUC | 0.288565 |
| CUP | 6.920149 |
| CVE | 28.493213 |
| CVX | 0.124065 |
| CYP | 0.151232 |
| CZK | 6.311921 |
| DAI | 0.288616 |
| DASH | 0.004852 |
| DCR | 0.015681 |
| DEM | 0.505377 |
| DFI | 436.800414 |
| DJF | 51.532664 |
| DKK | 1.931256 |
| DOGE | 3.032762 |
| DOP | 17.297639 |
| DOT | 0.238147 |
| DYDX | 1.996360 |
| DZD | 38.633638 |
| EEK | 4.043013 |
| EGLD | 0.064703 |
| EGP | 15.213202 |
| ENJ | 8.644785 |
| EOS | 2.996863 |
| ERN | 4.334644 |
| ESP | 42.993305 |
| ETB | 47.178941 |
| ETC | 0.032239 |
| ETH | 0.000107 |
| EUR | 0.258395 |
| EURC | 0.257917 |
| FEI | 0.288574 |
| FIL | 0.275490 |
| FIM | 1.536347 |
| FJD | 0.651317 |
| FKP | 0.218769 |
| FLOW | 9.138415 |
| FLR | 40.003362 |
| FRAX | 0.291147 |
| FRF | 1.694960 |
| FTT | 1.130231 |
| GALA | 116.526873 |
| GBP | 0.218769 |
| GEL | 0.750008 |
| GGP | 0.218769 |
| GHC | 33,880.309696 |
| GHS | 3.388031 |
| GIP | 0.218769 |
| GMD | 21.404866 |
| GMX | 0.034460 |
| GNF | 2,543.432139 |
| GNO | 0.002392 |
| GRD | 88.048085 |
| GRT | 9.654828 |
| GT | 0.026036 |
| GTQ | 2.208192 |
| GUSD | 0.289114 |
| GYD | 60.404192 |
| HBAR | 2.801221 |
| HKD | 2.267502 |
| HNL | 7.776549 |
| HNT | 0.503014 |
| HOT | 645.411467 |
| HRK | 1.946877 |
| HT | 8.002243 |
| HTG | 37.813920 |
| HUF | 95.276031 |
| ICP | 0.088786 |
| IDR | 5,184.640507 |
| IEP | 0.203503 |
| ILS | 0.881908 |
| IMP | 0.218769 |
| IMX | 1.590425 |
| INJ | 0.038212 |
| INR | 27.869879 |
| IQD | 378.339128 |
| IRR | 503,989.356790 |
| ISK | 35.448389 |
| ITL | 500.322424 |
| JEP | 0.218769 |
| JMD | 45.711328 |
| JOD | 0.204884 |
| JPY | 45.680037 |
| KAS | 6.766902 |
| KAVA | 4.195435 |
| KCS | 0.038562 |
| KDA | 31.098333 |
| KES | 37.217629 |
| KGS | 25.272479 |
| KHR | 1,171.603932 |
| KLAY | 7.663287 |
| KMF | 127.121991 |
| KNC | 2.053297 |
| KPW | 259.708173 |
| KRW | 389.129178 |
| KSM | 0.056065 |
| KWD | 0.089267 |
| KYD | 0.239790 |
| KZT | 129.606047 |
| LAK | 6,513.153509 |
| LBP | 25,905.642291 |
| LDO | 0.619762 |
| LEO | 0.032349 |
| LINK | 0.020503 |
| LKR | 95.501817 |
| LRC | 27.462851 |
| LRD | 49.624281 |
| LSL | 4.835859 |
| LTC | 0.004126 |
| LTL | 0.892186 |
| LUF | 10.423627 |
| LUNA | 5.694675 |
| LUNC | 5,494.439788 |
| LVL | 0.181600 |
| LYD | 1.849326 |
| MAD | 2.848988 |
| MANA | 2.844635 |
| MBX | 9.710206 |
| MDL | 5.159331 |
| MGA | 1,287.771040 |
| MGF | 6,438.855198 |
| MINA | 1.805025 |
| MKD | 15.825407 |
| MKR | 0.000131 |
| MMK | 606.629723 |
| MNT | 1,040.084706 |
| MOP | 2.335527 |
| MRO | 116.054048 |
| MRU | 11.605405 |
| MTL | 0.110929 |
| MUR | 14.000110 |
| MVR | 4.467440 |
| MWK | 500.723489 |
| MXN | 5.267564 |
| MXV | 0.597774 |
| MYR | 1.181340 |
| MZM | 18,446.114436 |
| MZN | 18.446114 |
| NAD | 4.835859 |
| NEAR | 0.059257 |
| NEO | 0.113497 |
| NEXO | 0.336020 |
| NFT | 1,202,229.335322 |
| NGN | 383.506356 |
| NIO | 10.617308 |
| NLG | 0.569428 |
| NOK | 2.792712 |
| NPR | 44.612709 |
| NZD | 0.516905 |
| OKB | 0.002318 |
| OMR | 0.111193 |
| ONE | 1.976697 |
| OP | 2.206319 |
| ORDI | 0.064028 |
| PAB | 0.288976 |
| PAXG | 0.000070 |
| PEPE | 65,810.944808 |
| PGK | 1.298048 |
| PHP | 18.130891 |
| PI | 3.326768 |
| PKR | 80.015649 |
| PLN | 1.133785 |
| POL | 2.661650 |
| PTE | 51.803540 |
| PYG | 1,687.192855 |
| QAR | 1.051874 |
| QNT | 0.001159 |
| QTUM | 0.294232 |
| ROL | 13,809.231925 |
| RON | 1.380923 |
| RPL | 0.151430 |
| RSD | 30.192398 |
| RUB | 24.233598 |
| RUNE | 0.369818 |
| RVN | 121.167993 |
| RWF | 426.864761 |
| SAND | 3.958536 |
| SAR | 1.083661 |
| SBD | 2.331670 |
| SCR | 4.120220 |
| SDD | 17,345.790574 |
| SDG | 173.457906 |
| SEK | 2.914373 |
| SGD | 0.370433 |
| SHIB | 48,961.646162 |
| SHP | 0.218769 |
| SIT | 61.921770 |
| SKK | 7.784407 |
| SLE | 6.659486 |
| SLL | 6,659.486271 |
| SNX | 1.149170 |
| SOL | 0.002395 |
| SOS | 164.681345 |
| SPL | 0.048163 |
| SRD | 10.927890 |
| SRG | 10,927.889789 |
| SSP | 1,650.803430 |
| STD | 6,384.963632 |
| STN | 6.384964 |
| STX | 0.732276 |
| SUI | 0.237289 |
| SVC | 2.528542 |
| SYP | 3,751.916147 |
| SZL | 4.835859 |
| THB | 9.735129 |
| THETA | 1.276120 |
| TJS | 2.660814 |
| TMM | 5,057.066307 |
| TMT | 1.011413 |
| TND | 0.864118 |
| TOP | 0.694437 |
| TRL | 14,205,959.130138 |
| TRX | 0.861305 |
| TRY | 14.205959 |
| TTD | 1.958209 |
| TUSD | 0.288680 |
| TVD | 0.416541 |
| TWD | 9.190356 |
| TWT | 0.508689 |
| TZS | 760.544451 |
| UAH | 12.995921 |
| UGX | 1,152.585905 |
| UNI | 0.032081 |
| USD | 0.288976 |
| USDC | 0.288586 |
| USDD | 0.288710 |
| USDP | 0.289123 |
| USDT | 0.288657 |
| UYU | 11.638431 |
| UZS | 3,403.294105 |
| VAL | 500.322424 |
| VEB | 25,057,077,844.2670 |
| VED | 250.570778 |
| VEF | 25,057,077.844267 |
| VES | 250.570778 |
| VET | 33.245113 |
| VND | 7,517.403612 |
| VUV | 34.803850 |
| WAVES | 0.960477 |
| WEMIX | 1.479239 |
| WOO | 21.426298 |
| WST | 0.801671 |
| XAF | 169.495988 |
| XAG | 0.004745 |
| XAU | 0.000070 |
| XAUT | 0.000070 |
| XBT | 0.000003 |
| XCD | 0.782085 |
| XCG | 0.520309 |
| XCH | 0.183491 |
| XDC | 8.783565 |
| XDR | 0.213420 |
| XEC | 35,571.174960 |
| XEM | 505.416895 |
| XLM | 1.296985 |
| XMR | 0.000537 |
| XOF | 169.495988 |
| XPD | 0.000247 |
| XPF | 30.834722 |
| XPT | 0.000169 |
| XRP | 0.191900 |
| XTZ | 0.879795 |
| YER | 68.311846 |
| ZAR | 4.835859 |
| ZEC | 0.000219 |
| ZIL | 80.641700 |
| ZMK | 5,675.298025 |
| ZMW | 5.675298 |
| ZWD | 104.580515 |
| ZWG | 7.734844 |
| ZWL | 19,327.242760 |
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Cities in Peru 1126
Browse all cities and towns
Cities in Peru 1126
Browse all cities and towns
26 de Octubre
27 de noviembre
Abancay
Abelardo Pardo Lezameta
Acari
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Visa Requirements
Check what visa a citizen of Peru needs to enter any country.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the capital of Peru?
The capital of Peru is Lima.
What currency does Peru use?
Peru uses the Peruvian sol (S/ ) as its official currency.
What language is spoken in Peru?
The official language(s) of Peru include Aymara, Quechua, Spanish.
What is the population of Peru?
Peru has a population of approximately 34,350,244 people.
What region is Peru in?
Peru is located in Americas, specifically in the South America subregion.
What is the international calling code for Peru?
The international dialing code for Peru is +51.
What time zones does Peru observe?
Peru observes the following time zone(s): UTC-05:00.
What is the current time in Peru?
The local time in Peru is currently --:--. This time applies to the primary time zone.
What is the total area of Peru?
Peru covers a total area of 1,285,216 km².
How many states or provinces does Peru have?
Peru is divided into 26 states or provinces.
What are the public holidays in Peru in 2026?
You can view the complete list of public holidays for Peru in 2026 on the Holidays 2026 page.
What are the visa requirements for citizens of Peru?
Visa requirements for citizens of Peru vary by destination. Use our Visa Requirements Checker below to look up requirements for any destination country.