Americas · South America

Peru

Republic of Peru

Flag of Peru
Local Time
--:--:--
UTC-05:00
🏛️ Capital
Lima
👥 Population
34,350,244
📐 Area
1,285,216 km²
💱 Currency
Peruvian sol (S/ )
🗣️ Languages
Aymara, Quechua, Spanish
📞 Calling Code
+51
🕐 Time Zones
UTC-05:00
🌐 Region
Americas / South America

About Peru

Peru is one of the world's great travel destinations — a country of staggering geographic and cultural depth where the remains of a mighty empire, among the planet's most biodiverse ecosystems, and a world-class culinary renaissance converge in a single extraordinary nation. When you first glimpse the cloud-wreathed citadel of Machu Picchu rising from a saddle of the Andes above the Urubamba River, you understand immediately why this image has captivated the human imagination for over a century. Yet Machu Picchu is merely the most famous door into a country with thousands of equally profound rooms to explore.

The Andes spine that runs through Peru's heart encompasses everything from arid high-altitude puna grasslands grazed by llamas and alpacas to subtropical cloud forests rioting with orchids and hummingbirds. Cusco, the former capital of the Inca Empire, is one of the most compelling cities in the world — a living layering of Inca stonework, Spanish colonial baroque architecture, and vibrant Quechua-speaking communities where ancient festivals are celebrated with a fervor that makes time collapse. The Sacred Valley stretching northwest of Cusco is dotted with Inca terraced ruins, traditional textile markets, and salt pans that have been worked in exactly the same manner since pre-Columbian times.

Lima, the capital, surprises most visitors with its sophistication and creativity. The clifftop neighborhoods of Miraflores and Barranco look out over the Pacific through the ever-present coastal mist, while below, a restaurant scene that has produced multiple entries on the World's 50 Best Restaurants list serves everything from traditional ceviche to avant-garde Amazonian fusion. From the Amazon jungle lowlands at Iquitos to the mysterious Nazca Lines etched into the desert, Peru rewards travelers of every kind with experiences that linger for a lifetime.

History & Background

Peru has been home to sophisticated human civilizations for at least 10,000 years, and the archaeological record reveals a succession of remarkable cultures predating even the Inca Empire. The Chavín de Huántar ceremonial center dates to around 900 BCE; the Moche civilization of the northern coast produced extraordinary ceramic art and pyramid temples between roughly 100 and 800 CE; and the Nazca people created their famous geoglyphs — giant figures etched into the desert floor, visible only from the air — around the same period. These civilizations laid the cultural and agricultural foundations upon which the Inca built their empire from the 13th century onward.

The Inca Empire, known as Tawantinsuyu, expanded from its Cusco heartland to become the largest empire in pre-Columbian American history, stretching 4,300 km along the Pacific coast and incorporating millions of people across modern-day Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Spanish conquistadors under Francisco Pizarro arrived in 1532 and, through a combination of military force, disease, and political manipulation, dismantled the empire within a decade. Three centuries of Spanish colonial rule followed, during which Peru became the wealthiest viceroyalty in the Americas. Independence was declared in 1821, and Peru has since navigated a complex political history that includes periods of military governance and a brutal internal conflict with the Shining Path insurgency in the 1980s and early 1990s.

Culture & People

Peruvian culture is a tapestry woven from Andean Indigenous traditions, Spanish colonial influence, African heritage, and waves of Japanese, Chinese, Italian, and German immigration that have transformed the country into one of Latin America's most culturally diverse nations. The Quechua and Aymara peoples of the Andes maintain living connections to pre-Columbian agricultural practices, textile traditions, spiritual ceremonies, and community governance systems that predate the Inca Empire itself. Festivals like Inti Raymi (Festival of the Sun) in Cusco and Fiesta de la Candelaria in Puno are not merely tourist spectacles — they are living expressions of Indigenous identity that attract millions of Peruvians themselves.

Art and handicraft in Peru are at an extraordinary level. The weavers of Chinchero and the communities around Pisac in the Sacred Valley produce textiles of a technical sophistication that still surpasses modern industrial production. Pre-Columbian gold and ceramic masterpieces in Lima's Larco Museum rank among the finest in the world. Contemporary Peruvian art, architecture, and music — blending traditional Andean instruments like the charango and pan pipes with jazz, electronic, and classical forms — create a cultural scene in Lima that is quietly becoming one of Latin America's most exciting.

Food & Cuisine

Peru's cuisine has achieved international renown as one of the world's most exciting and diverse, drawing on Amazonian ingredients, Andean grains and tubers, Pacific seafood, and the cooking techniques of Japanese, Chinese, Italian, and African immigrants who made Peru their home. Ceviche — fresh raw fish cured in lime juice with ají amarillo pepper, red onion, and cilantro, served with sweet potato and corn — is both the national dish and a daily ritual. Lomo saltado, a stir-fry of beef, onion, tomatoes, and ají peppers tossed in a wok with soy sauce over French fries and rice, shows the Japanese and Chinese influences that created chifa and Nikkei cuisines unique to Peru.

In Cusco and the Andes, try cuy (roasted guinea pig) — a pre-Columbian delicacy eaten at festivals and celebrations for millennia — alongside stews of lamb, quinoa, and native potatoes in extraordinary variety. Lima's restaurant scene is stratospheric: Central, Maido, and Kjolle rank among the world's best restaurants, but equally memorable meals can be found in simple cevicherías and anticuchos (grilled beef heart skewer) stalls on street corners. The Amazon contributes ingredients like camu camu (an extraordinarily vitamin-C-rich citrus), chonta palm hearts, and paiche fish, which are increasingly appearing in sophisticated Lima kitchens as symbols of Peru's extraordinary biodiversity.

Top Attractions

  • Machu Picchu — Explore the iconic 15th-century Inca citadel perched above the clouds in the Andes, one of the world's most awe-inspiring archaeological sites and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  • Cusco Historic Center — Walk the streets of the Inca capital, where Spanish colonial churches are built directly upon Inca stone foundations and the living Quechua culture thrives alongside ancient ruins.
  • Sacred Valley — Visit the terraced ruins of Pisac and Ollantaytambo, browse Chinchero's famous textile market, and take in the extraordinary landscape of this spiritual Andean corridor.
  • Amazon Rainforest, Manu or Tambopata — Journey into the world's most biodiverse rainforest for jungle lodges, river wildlife watching, and encounters with macaws, caimans, and river dolphins.
  • Nazca Lines — Fly over the mysterious ancient geoglyphs etched into the coastal desert — giant hummingbirds, spiders, monkeys, and geometric lines of unknown but awe-inspiring purpose.
  • Larco Museum, Lima — Explore one of Latin America's finest collections of pre-Columbian art, gold, ceramics, and textiles in a beautifully restored colonial mansion in Pueblo Libre.

Practical Travel Tips

  • Book Machu Picchu entry tickets, Inca Trail permits, and Huayna Picchu or Machu Picchu Mountain slots months in advance — they sell out extremely quickly for peak season.
  • Acclimatize to altitude before arriving in Cusco (3,400m) — spend two days resting, avoid alcohol, drink coca tea freely, and ascend gradually if arriving from sea level.
  • The Peruvian sol (PEN) is widely accepted; US dollars are exchangeable at banks and exchange houses but are not always accepted at small establishments directly.
  • Reliable local tour operators for Machu Picchu, the Amazon, and trekking can be found in Cusco and Lima — always verify licensing and reviews before booking.
  • Carry small change for museums, markets, and transport — vendors and taxi drivers rarely carry enough change for large bills.
  • Use only officially marked taxis or app-based rides (InDriver, Cabify) in Lima and Cusco — unofficial taxis have been linked to robbery.
  • Pack layers for the Andes: days can be warm and sunny while evenings and mornings at altitude drop to near-freezing temperatures year-round.

Visa Overview

Citizens of the United States, Canada, European Union countries, the United Kingdom, Australia, and most Latin American nations do not require a visa to enter Peru and may stay up to 183 days as tourists. Entry is granted on arrival at Lima's Jorge Chávez International Airport or at land borders. You will need a valid passport, a return or onward ticket, and evidence of sufficient funds. Some nationalities require advance visas — check with the Peruvian embassy before travel. No specific vaccinations are required for entry, but yellow fever vaccination is recommended for Amazon travel.

Getting Around

Lima's Jorge Chávez International Airport is the main hub, with regular domestic flights connecting to Cusco, Iquitos, Arequipa, and other regional cities via LATAM Peru and Sky Airline. The PeruRail and Inca Rail train services connect Cusco to Aguas Calientes (gateway to Machu Picchu) in comfort. Long-distance buses operated by Cruz del Sur, Oltursa, and CIVA offer comfortable overnight services between major cities. In Cusco and Lima, taxis and Uber-style apps are affordable and practical for getting around.

Safety Notes

Peru is generally safe for tourists in main visitor areas, but petty theft and bag snatching are common in Lima and Cusco. Use hotel safes for valuables, avoid displaying expensive equipment in crowded markets, and be especially cautious in Lima neighborhoods outside Miraflores and San Isidro. Altitude sickness is a real concern above 3,000 meters — ascend gradually and seek medical attention for severe symptoms. The Amazon requires precautions against mosquito-borne illnesses including malaria and dengue fever. Travel insurance with medical evacuation is strongly recommended.

Live Exchange Rates

Current exchange rates for currencies used in Peru.

Peruvian sol (PEN) S/
Updated: 2026-07-06
Currency CodeRate
1INCH 4.096761
AAVE 0.003323
ADA 1.564373
AED 1.078471
AFN 18.670677
AGIX 3.763937
AKT 0.468209
ALGO 3.280487
ALL 24.071867
AMD 108.058631
AMP 658.372979
ANG 0.529572
AOA 269.696910
APE 2.094834
APT 0.469556
AR 0.147114
ARB 3.671470
ARS 438.308409
ATOM 0.185711
ATS 3.534495
AUD 0.423918
AVAX 0.042535
AWG 0.525654
AXS 0.290819
AZM 2,496.121151
AZN 0.499224
BAKE 390.820869
BAM 0.502378
BAT 3.334424
BBD 0.587323
BCH 0.001217
BDT 36.200661
BEF 10.361779
BGN 0.502378
BHD 0.110417
BIF 874.231851
BMD 0.293661
BNB 0.000502
BND 0.379559
BOB 2.034239
BRL 1.517667
BSD 0.293661
BSV 0.019890
BSW 877.400308
BTC 0.000005
BTCB 5.541412
BTG 1.017695
BTN 27.978539
BTT 1,107,274.241001
BUSD 0.293411
BWP 3.963468
BYN 0.852770
BYR 5,756.318519
BZD 0.591453
CAD 0.417287
CAKE 0.202789
CDF 677.548077
CELO 4.371008
CFX 6.563854
CHF 0.236233
CHZ 16.266283
CLP 270.520759
CNH 1.994364
CNY 1.993574
COMP 0.017522
COP 981.571996
CRC 133.817583
CRO 4.913010
CRV 1.373677
CSPR 151.206358
CUC 0.293690
CUP 7.782778
CVE 28.324150
CVX 0.244166
CYP 0.150335
CZK 6.212523
DAI 0.293800
DASH 0.008348
DCR 0.026455
DEM 0.502378
DFI 353.463125
DJF 52.298996
DKK 1.920020
DOGE 3.800052
DOP 17.404224
DOT 0.336637
DYDX 2.223638
DZD 39.055185
EEK 4.019024
EGLD 0.106250
EGP 14.425225
ENJ 10.147033
EOS 4.054305
ERN 4.404920
ESP 42.738207
ETB 46.972756
ETC 0.041347
ETH 0.000165
EUR 0.256862
EURC 0.257049
FEI 0.293766
FIL 0.371917
FIM 1.527231
FJD 0.659419
FKP 0.220092
FLOW 10.478827
FLR 42.247869
FRAX 0.296859
FRF 1.684903
FTT 1.232854
GALA 128.185129
GBP 0.220092
GEL 0.771315
GGP 0.220092
GHC 33,362.799399
GHS 3.336280
GIP 0.220092
GMD 21.655859
GMX 0.049554
GNF 2,574.687253
GNO 0.002793
GRD 87.525658
GRT 15.478236
GT 0.043317
GTQ 2.241531
GUSD 0.294049
GYD 61.467813
HBAR 3.889048
HKD 2.303198
HNL 7.861969
HNT 1.225434
HOT 813.777652
HRK 1.935325
HT 8.196238
HTG 38.438699
HUF 90.827121
ICP 0.133216
IDR 5,283.700994
IEP 0.202295
ILS 0.882060
IMP 0.220092
IMX 2.125464
INJ 0.060109
INR 27.978539
IQD 385.046968
IRR 404,102.370591
ISK 36.988495
ITL 497.353794
JEP 0.220092
JMD 46.522589
JOD 0.208206
JPY 47.529014
KAS 9.573202
KAVA 6.508619
KCS 0.040676
KDA 50.384175
KES 37.967721
KGS 25.684864
KHR 1,177.532500
KMF 126.367721
KNC 2.634467
KPW 264.320851
KRW 450.141689
KSM 0.083338
KWD 0.091123
KYD 0.244303
KZT 138.826359
LAK 6,639.403145
LBP 26,371.791568
LDO 1.087103
LEO 0.031375
LINK 0.036777
LKR 98.345759
LRC 23.901007
LRD 53.335940
LSL 4.773110
LTC 0.006506
LTL 0.886892
LUF 10.361779
LUNA 5.979799
LUNC 4,783.134575
LVL 0.180522
LYD 1.883652
MAD 2.749741
MANA 4.220313
MBX 11.676583
MDL 5.168770
MGA 1,246.159944
MGF 6,230.799718
MINA 6.194247
MKD 15.823135
MKR 0.000205
MMK 616.491091
MNT 1,052.522966
MOP 2.372294
MRO 117.279629
MRU 11.727963
MTL 0.110271
MUR 13.804044
MVR 4.539825
MWK 509.395643
MXN 5.133001
MXV 0.582035
MYR 1.197333
MZM 18,755.123965
MZN 18.755124
NAD 4.773110
NEAR 0.147385
NEO 0.148463
NEXO 0.381726
NFT 1,108,071.299804
NGN 402.398052
NIO 10.809929
NLG 0.566049
NOK 2.888578
NPR 44.786646
NZD 0.516154
OKB 0.003682
OMR 0.113024
ONE 234.944339
OP 2.731547
ORDI 0.090464
PAB 0.293661
PAXG 0.000071
PEPE 107,664.602294
PGK 1.291901
PHP 18.063962
PI 2.595935
PKR 81.699448
PLN 1.102621
POL 3.993095
PTE 51.496167
PYG 1,786.232596
QAR 1.068927
QNT 0.004386
QTUM 0.413116
ROL 13,423.622189
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RPL 0.145041
RSD 30.127827
RUB 22.628860
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RVN 77.054014
RWF 430.469636
SAND 5.885773
SAR 1.101230
SBD 2.376325
SCR 4.196360
SDD 17,626.882163
SDG 176.268822
SEK 2.834664
SGD 0.379559
SHIB 67,072.293599
SHP 0.220092
SIT 61.554361
SKK 7.738219
SLE 6.707211
SLL 6,707.210702
SNX 1.282439
SOL 0.003639
SOS 167.692594
SPL 0.048944
SRD 11.054769
SRG 11,054.769346
SSP 1,394.652364
STD 6,339.811970
STN 6.339812
STX 1.717360
SUI 0.393071
SVC 2.569537
SYP 32.462141
SZL 4.773110
THB 9.761385
THETA 2.093315
TJS 2.722030
TMM 5,152.567877
TMT 1.030514
TND 0.865696
TOP 0.707227
TRL 13,747,887.376648
TRX 0.894210
TRY 13.747887
TTD 1.989845
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TZS 771.627202
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VAL 497.353794
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VED 189.229842
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VES 189.229842
VET 62.249830
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XTZ 1.180190
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ZIL 95.196215
ZMK 5,388.483039
ZMW 5.388483
ZWD 106.276043
ZWG 7.877048
ZWL 19,682.571012

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Río Santiago Río Tambo Rioja Roble Rosaspata Rupa-Rupa Sabaino Sabandía Sachaca Sacsamara Saisa Salamanca Salas Salas Salaverry Salitral Sama Samán Samegua Samuel Pastor San Agustin San Agustín de Cajas San Andres San Antón San Antonio San Antonio San Antonio San Antonio San Antonio de Antaparco San Antonio del Estrecho San Borja San Clemente San Cristo San Cristóbal San Cristóbal San Cristóbal San Cristóbal San Cristóbal de Chocos San Cristóbal de Huañec San Cristóbal de Raján San Damián San Fernando San Francisco San Francisco San Francisco de Asís San Francisco de Asís de Yarusyacán San Francisco de Cayrán San Genaro San Hilarión San Ignacio San Isidro San Isidro San Isidro de Maino San Jacinto San Jacinto San Jacinto San Jerónimo San Jeronimo San Jerónimo San Jerónimo de Tunán San José San Jose San Jose San José de Los Molinos San José de Ticllas San Juan San Juan San Juan Bautista San Juan Bautista San Juan Bautista San Juan de Bigote San Juan de Churín San Juan de Jarpa San Juan 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Visa Requirements

Check what visa a citizen of Peru needs to enter any country.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the capital of Peru?
The capital of Peru is Lima.
What currency does Peru use?
Peru uses the Peruvian sol (S/ ) as its official currency.
What language is spoken in Peru?
The official language(s) of Peru include Aymara, Quechua, Spanish.
What is the population of Peru?
Peru has a population of approximately 34,350,244 people.
What region is Peru in?
Peru is located in Americas, specifically in the South America subregion.
What is the international calling code for Peru?
The international dialing code for Peru is +51.
What time zones does Peru observe?
Peru observes the following time zone(s): UTC-05:00.
What is the current time in Peru?
The local time in Peru is currently --:--. This time applies to the primary time zone.
What is the total area of Peru?
Peru covers a total area of 1,285,216 km².
How many states or provinces does Peru have?
Peru is divided into 26 states or provinces.
What are the public holidays in Peru in 2026?
You can view the complete list of public holidays for Peru in 2026 on the Holidays 2026 page.
What are the visa requirements for citizens of Peru?
Visa requirements for citizens of Peru vary by destination. Use our Visa Requirements Checker below to look up requirements for any destination country.