Europe · Western Europe

Luxembourg

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

Flag of Luxembourg
Local Time
--:--:--
UTC+01:00
🏛️ Capital
Luxembourg
👥 Population
681,973
📐 Area
2,586 km²
💱 Currency
euro (€)
🗣️ Languages
German, French, Luxembourgish
📞 Calling Code
+352
🕐 Time Zones
UTC+01:00
🌐 Region
Europe / Western Europe

About Luxembourg

Luxembourg may be one of Europe's smallest countries, but it rewards visitors with a richness that belies its modest size. Nestled between Belgium, France, and Germany, this grand duchy packs ancient fortresses, dramatic river gorges, and a cosmopolitan capital into just 2,586 square kilometres. When you arrive in Luxembourg City, you immediately sense the layering of history and modernity — medieval towers rise alongside gleaming EU institutions, and vine-covered hillsides slope down to the Alzette and Pétrusse rivers below.

Beyond the capital, the Ardennes in the north offers hiking trails through beech forests and past fairy-tale castles such as Vianden and Bourscheid. The Moselle wine valley in the east beckons with crisp Riesling and Crémant tasting rooms perched above the river, while the canton of Esch-sur-Alzette in the south pulses with a creative arts scene fuelled by its post-industrial revitalisation. Every corner of this compact country surprises you with a different character.

What makes Luxembourg particularly special is how effortlessly you can move between these worlds. A morning cycling the Müllerthal Trail — Luxembourg's Little Switzerland — gives way to an afternoon of Michelin-starred dining and designer boutiques without ever leaving the country. English, French, German, and Luxembourgish all coexist here, which means you will almost always find someone who speaks your language. Whether you come for a weekend or a week, Luxembourg leaves a lasting impression far beyond its postage-stamp dimensions.

History & Background

Luxembourg's history is a story of remarkable resilience. Founded around 963 AD when Count Siegfried built a castle on the Bock promontory above the Alzette river, the settlement grew into a strategic stronghold coveted by the great powers of Europe. Over the centuries it passed through the hands of Burgundy, Spain, Austria, and France, each adding fortifications until Luxembourg City became one of the most heavily defended fortresses on the continent — earning the nickname "Gibraltar of the North."

The Congress of Vienna in 1815 made Luxembourg a grand duchy under the Dutch crown while simultaneously garrisoning it with Prussian troops. True independence came gradually: the 1867 Treaty of London declared Luxembourg perpetually neutral and ordered the demolition of its fortress walls, much of which visitors can explore today as the UNESCO-listed Casemates. The country was occupied during both World Wars, and the Battle of the Bulge raged across its northern Ardennes in the winter of 1944–45. Post-war, Luxembourg helped found the European Coal and Steel Community and became a founding member of the EU, transforming itself into a global financial centre.

Culture & People

Luxembourgers occupy a fascinating cultural crossroads, blending Germanic precision with Gallic joie de vivre and a fiercely independent national identity. The local language, Luxembourgish, is a point of pride — a melodious tongue with Germanic roots and plenty of French loanwords that locals use among themselves even as they switch seamlessly to French or German for official matters. This linguistic agility reflects a people who have long been shaped by their neighbours without ever losing themselves in the process.

Community life revolves around local festivals, market squares, and an enduring attachment to the land. The Schueberfouer funfair in Luxembourg City draws families every August for weeks of rides, candied almonds, and nostalgic tradition. Religious festivals like Easter processions in Echternach and Carnival parades add colour to the calendar. Contemporary culture thrives too, with world-class museums like the Mudam and the Casino Luxembourg drawing international artists, while Esch-Belval's repurposed blast furnaces host concerts and installations that honour the country's industrial soul.

Food & Cuisine

Luxembourgish cuisine draws equally from its French and German neighbours while maintaining its own hearty character. Judd mat Gaardebounen — smoked collar of pork with broad beans — is the unofficial national dish, a satisfying, slow-cooked comfort food served in traditional restaurants across the country. Bouneschlupp, a green bean soup enriched with potatoes and bacon, warms you on cool autumn evenings, while Gromperekichelcher (potato fritters) are a beloved street snack best enjoyed at the Schueberfouer funfair.

The Moselle valley contributes crisp white wines, particularly Riesling, Pinot Gris, and the sparkling Crémant de Luxembourg, which pairs beautifully with local trout and pike dishes. Luxembourg City's restaurant scene punches well above its weight, offering everything from traditional Luxembourgish taverns (called Brasseries or Wäintrauwen) to innovative Michelin-starred kitchens. Do not leave without trying Quetschentaart, a tart made with the local damson plums harvested each autumn from centuries-old orchards.

Top Attractions

  • Luxembourg City Old Town (UNESCO) — Explore medieval fortifications, the Grand Ducal Palace, and sweeping views over the Alzette gorge from the Chemin de la Corniche, dubbed "Europe's most beautiful balcony."
  • Vianden Castle — A magnificently restored medieval fortress perched above the Our river valley in the north, one of the finest feudal castles in Western Europe.
  • Mullerthal Trail (Little Switzerland) — A 112 km network of hiking trails through sandstone formations, waterfalls, and dense forest in eastern Luxembourg.
  • Moselle Wine Route — Cycle or drive through vine-terraced hillsides from Schengen to Wasserbillig, stopping at cellars for Riesling and Crémant tastings.
  • MUDAM Luxembourg — The Grand Duchy's contemporary art museum designed by I.M. Pei, hosting major international exhibitions in a stunning glass and stone structure.
  • Bourscheid Castle — A sprawling ruined hilltop castle above the Sûre river offering panoramic Ardennes views and an immersive audio-visual history tour.

Practical Travel Tips

  • Luxembourg City is compact and walkable; comfortable shoes are essential for the cobblestone old town and the steep paths into the Pétrusse and Alzette valleys.
  • The Luxembourg Card (1–3 days) covers free public transport nationwide and free entry to over 60 museums and attractions — outstanding value for visitors.
  • Public transport (buses and trains) is entirely free throughout the country for all passengers, making day trips to the Moselle, Ardennes, and Mullerthal easy without a car.
  • Most restaurants close between lunch and dinner service (roughly 14:00–18:00), so plan meals accordingly to avoid arriving at a shuttered door.
  • Tap water is safe and excellent quality everywhere in Luxembourg.
  • Tipping is not obligatory but rounding up the bill or leaving 5–10% is appreciated in restaurants and taxis.
  • The Casemates du Bock offer a fascinating underground fortress walk; arrive early as queues build in summer.

Visa Overview

Luxembourg is a member of the European Union and the Schengen Area, meaning EU and EEA citizens can enter freely with a valid national identity card or passport. Citizens of many other countries, including the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom, may enter without a visa for stays of up to 90 days within any 180-day period under the Schengen rules. Visitors from countries outside the visa-free list must apply for a Schengen visa through the Luxembourg embassy or consulate in their home country before travelling.

Getting Around

Luxembourg has the world's first entirely free national public transport system, introduced in 2020. Trains connect Luxembourg City to Ettelbruck (for the Ardennes) and Wasserbillig (for the Moselle) with frequent, punctual service. Buses reach virtually every village. The capital is very walkable, but renting a bicycle is a great way to explore the Moselle valley cycle path or the Pétrusse valley greenway. Taxis and ride-shares are available in the city; parking in the centre is limited and metered, so public transport is usually faster.

Safety Notes

Luxembourg is consistently ranked among the safest countries in Europe. Violent crime is rare, and the main concerns for visitors are petty theft in crowded tourist areas of Luxembourg City and the occasional pickpocket on public transport. Standard city precautions — keeping valuables secure and staying aware of your surroundings — are sufficient. Emergency services are efficient and reliable. The national emergency number is 112.

Live Exchange Rates

Current exchange rates for currencies used in Luxembourg.

euro (EUR) €
Updated: 2026-08-20
⌕
Currency CodeRate
1INCH 13.498135
AAVE 0.012207
ADA 6.274808
AED 4.289988
AFN 76.455547
AGIX 20.529179
AKT 2.272266
ALGO 14.189848
ALL 92.685141
AMD 424.027941
AMP 3,045.105625
ANG 2.092390
AOA 1,072.800048
APE 9.083432
APT 2.088233
AR 0.628490
ARB 13.355611
ARS 1,748.796683
ATOM 0.782760
ATS 13.760300
AUD 1.643352
AVAX 0.172446
AWG 2.090968
AXS 1.295990
AZM 9,928.939944
AZN 1.985788
BAKE 1,679.319615
BAM 1.955830
BAT 18.681877
BBD 2.336277
BCH 0.005530
BDT 142.135736
BEF 40.339900
BGN 1.955830
BHD 0.439220
BIF 3,474.425125
BMD 1.168138
BNB 0.001869
BND 1.485327
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CELO 18.665735
CFX 26.670481
CHF 0.932977
CHZ 91.379841
CLP 1,076.533162
CNH 7.856221
CNY 7.856620
COMP 0.063387
COP 3,566.077193
CRC 525.908198
CRO 23.443031
CRV 4.477219
CSPR 437.376052
CUC 1.167965
CUP 30.951080
CVE 110.2700
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CYP 0.585274
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DAI 1.167995
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DCR 0.098876
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DJF 207.474605
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DOT 1.475899
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DZD 155.028351
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MXN 19.797147
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MYR 4.722522
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OMR 0.449610
ONE 1,619.106291
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ORDI 0.317301
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SUI 1.655196
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SZL 18.807871
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TOP 2.782662
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TRY 56.017507
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TWT 2.920863
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WST 3.145984
XAF 655.957000
XAG 0.017462
XAU 0.000260
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XBT 0.000017
XCD 3.162080
XCG 2.092390
XCH 0.824540
XDC 41.993825
XDR 0.853050
XEC 166,599.965148
XEM 2,495.030510
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XMR 0.002735
XOF 655.957000
XPD 0.000879
XPF 119.331742
XPT 0.000648
XRP 1.052739
XTZ 5.362280
YER 276.931742
ZAR 18.807871
ZEC 0.002081
ZIL 480.563218
ZMK 21,882.679521
ZMW 21.882680
ZWD 422.749282
ZWG 31.154616
ZWL 77,846.793734

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Visa Requirements

Check what visa a citizen of Luxembourg needs to enter any country.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the capital of Luxembourg?
The capital of Luxembourg is Luxembourg.
What currency does Luxembourg use?
Luxembourg uses the euro (€) as its official currency.
What language is spoken in Luxembourg?
The official language(s) of Luxembourg include German, French, Luxembourgish.
What is the population of Luxembourg?
Luxembourg has a population of approximately 681,973 people.
What region is Luxembourg in?
Luxembourg is located in Europe, specifically in the Western Europe subregion.
What is the international calling code for Luxembourg?
The international dialing code for Luxembourg is +352.
What time zones does Luxembourg observe?
Luxembourg observes the following time zone(s): UTC+01:00.
What is the current time in Luxembourg?
The local time in Luxembourg is currently --:--. This time applies to the primary time zone.
What is the total area of Luxembourg?
Luxembourg covers a total area of 2,586 km².
How many states or provinces does Luxembourg have?
Luxembourg is divided into 12 states or provinces.
What are the public holidays in Luxembourg in 2026?
You can view the complete list of public holidays for Luxembourg in 2026 on the Holidays 2026 page.
What are the visa requirements for citizens of Luxembourg?
Visa requirements for citizens of Luxembourg vary by destination. Use our Visa Requirements Checker below to look up requirements for any destination country.