Asia · Western Asia

Turkey

Republic of Turkey

Flag of Turkey
Local Time
--:--:--
UTC+03:00
🏛️ Capital
Ankara
👥 Population
85,664,944
📐 Area
783,562 km²
💱 Currency
Turkish lira (₺)
🗣️ Languages
Turkish
📞 Calling Code
+90
🕐 Time Zones
UTC+03:00
🌐 Region
Asia / Western Asia

About Turkey

Turkey is a country that defies easy categorization — a transcontinental nation straddling Europe and Asia, ancient and modern, secular and deeply spiritual, all at once. From the minarets and grand bazaars of Istanbul to the fairy chimney landscapes of Cappadocia, from the turquoise waters of the Aegean coast to the snow-capped peaks of Eastern Anatolia, Turkey offers a breadth of experience that rewards visitors who venture beyond the obvious. It is one of the world's greatest destinations, carrying millennia of civilizations in its soil and an extraordinary hospitality culture in its people.

You'll find Istanbul alone could occupy weeks of exploration. As the only city in the world to span two continents, it straddles the Bosphorus Strait with a skyline of minarets, Byzantine domes, and modern towers. The Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque, and the sprawling Topkapi Palace represent layers of Byzantine and Ottoman imperial grandeur, while the Grand Bazaar and Spice Bazaar offer the sensory overload of thousands of years of commerce distilled into a single afternoon. Yet Istanbul is also fiercely contemporary — its neighborhoods of Beyoglu, Karakoy, and Kadikoy buzz with galleries, rooftop bars, and a café culture that rivals any European capital.

Beyond Istanbul, the Aegean and Mediterranean coasts offer some of Europe's finest beach destinations, with crystal-clear water, ancient Greek and Roman ruins scattered among the olive groves, and traditional gulet yacht cruises along the turquoise coast. Cappadocia's volcanic landscape of towers, cave churches, and hot air balloons drifting over rose-colored valleys is among the most iconic images in all of travel. Turkey rewards deep exploration with the generosity of its landscapes, the depth of its history, and the warmth of its teahouse culture.

History & Background

Anatolia — the heartland of modern Turkey — has been home to human civilization for at least 10,000 years, as evidenced by the extraordinary Neolithic settlement of Çatalhöyük and the even older ritual site of Göbekli Tepe near Sanliurfa, widely considered the world's oldest monumental architecture. The Hittite Empire, centered in Anatolia around 1600 BC, rivaled Egypt in power and produced the world's first known peace treaty. Greek, Persian, Alexander the Great's Macedonian armies, Roman, and Byzantine empires all passed through, each leaving monuments that visitors can still walk among today. The Byzantine Empire made Constantinople — modern Istanbul — one of the world's great capitals for over a thousand years.

The Ottoman Empire, founded in 1299, would ultimately become one of history's longest-lasting empires, at its peak controlling territory from Hungary to Arabia and from Algeria to the Persian Gulf. Ottoman sultans ruled from the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul, and the empire's legal, architectural, and cultural legacy remains palpable across the Middle East, North Africa, and the Balkans. The empire's dissolution following World War I set the stage for Mustafa Kemal Atatürk to lead a nationalist revolution and found the Republic of Turkey in 1923 — abolishing the sultanate, adopting the Latin alphabet, and undertaking sweeping secularizing reforms that transformed the nation's identity. Turkey today navigates the legacy of these multiple civilizational layers in its politics, culture, and society.

Culture & People

Turkish culture blends Central Asian nomadic roots, Byzantine and Ottoman imperial traditions, and a century of secular republican identity into a rich and sometimes paradoxical whole. Tea — çay, poured into tulip-shaped glasses — is the lubricant of all social interaction, offered everywhere from carpet shops to government offices. You'll find that hospitality is not merely a pleasantry but a deeply held cultural value: being invited into a Turkish home for a meal is an act of genuine honor, and guests are expected to eat abundantly. The hammam, the Turkish bathhouse, is a centuries-old social institution still widely used and a ritual not to be missed.

Music, art, and craftsmanship run deep in Turkish cultural life. Traditional Turkish music draws on Ottoman classical compositions and Anatolian folk traditions, while arabesk and modern pop blend these with contemporary influences. The art of Ebru (marbled paper), Iznik tilework, hand-woven kilim rugs, and copper metalwork represent craft traditions passed through generations of artisans. Sufi culture, expressed through the whirling dervish ceremony of the Mevlevi order in Konya, offers a profound spiritual dimension to Turkish cultural heritage. Football (soccer) is a national passion that unites and divides the country with equal intensity, and the rivalry between Istanbul's big three clubs is a cultural institution in its own right.

Food & Cuisine

Turkish cuisine is one of the great culinary traditions of the world, a product of imperial kitchens, nomadic roots, and the extraordinary agricultural richness of Anatolia. You'll find that breakfast in Turkey — kahvalti — is an elaborate, leisurely spread of white cheeses, olives, tomatoes, cucumbers, eggs, honey, clotted cream, and assorted pastries that can last hours and represents the day's most important meal. Meze culture, similar to tapas, defines Turkish social eating: dozens of small dishes — stuffed grape leaves (dolma), white bean salad, ezme, and hummus — arrive before the main course and invite lingering conversation over shared plates.

Kebab in its many regional variations is the centerpiece of Turkish cuisine — from the Adana kebab of spiced ground lamb on a flat skewer grilled over wood embers to the delicate Iskender of thinly sliced lamb over bread and tomato sauce topped with browned butter. You'll find börek everywhere — flaky pastry filled with cheese, spinach, or minced meat, baked or fried and eaten as a snack or meal at any hour. Seafood is superb along the coasts; fresh grilled fish on the Bosphorus in Istanbul is an iconic experience. For dessert, baklava (layers of pastry with pistachio and honey syrup), Turkish delight (lokum), and the cold, stretchy Kahramanmaras ice cream are national treasures. Ayran (salted yogurt drink) and Turkish tea accompany everything.

Top Attractions

  • Hagia Sophia, Istanbul — A 6th-century Byzantine masterpiece of architecture reconverted to a mosque in 2020, with a soaring dome and golden mosaics that have inspired wonder for 1,500 years.
  • Cappadocia — A lunar landscape of volcanic fairy chimneys, ancient cave churches, underground cities, and the world's most spectacular hot air balloon flights over the Rose Valley at dawn.
  • Ephesus — One of the best-preserved ancient Roman cities in the world, with marble-paved streets, the Library of Celsus, and temples dating to the 1st century BC on Turkey's Aegean coast.
  • Pamukkale (Cotton Castle) — Brilliant white terraced travertine pools filled with warm mineral water cascading down a hillside, adjacent to the ancient Roman spa city of Hierapolis.
  • Topkapi Palace, Istanbul — The vast imperial palace of Ottoman sultans, housing priceless artifacts including the Prophet Muhammad's mantle, the Spoonmaker's Diamond, and the imperial treasury.
  • Göbekli Tepe — The world's oldest known monumental structure (c. 9600 BC), a UNESCO World Heritage Site near Sanliurfa, fundamentally changing our understanding of prehistoric human civilization.

Practical Travel Tips

  • Purchase a Museum Pass Turkey before visiting Istanbul — it covers entry to Topkapi Palace, Hagia Sophia Museum, and dozens of other sites and saves considerable money and queuing time.
  • Dress modestly and bring a head covering when visiting mosques — both men and women should cover knees and shoulders; women need scarves for their hair at active mosques.
  • Learn a few words of Turkish — "Merhaba" (hello), "Teşekkür ederim" (thank you), and "Lütfen" (please) are warmly appreciated by locals and open doors quickly.
  • Bargaining is expected at bazaars and carpet shops but not in regular retail stores or restaurants — read the context before negotiating.
  • Use the Istanbul Istanbulkart metro card for all public transport — trams, metro, ferries, and buses accept it and it's far cheaper than single tickets.
  • Book Cappadocia hot air balloon flights at least several months ahead during peak season (April–June, September–October) as reputable operators fill quickly.
  • Be aware that alcohol restrictions apply in some conservative neighborhoods — check local norms before purchasing or consuming in public areas.

Visa Overview

Turkey requires visitors from many countries to obtain a visa before or upon arrival. Citizens of the United States, Canada, Australia, most EU member states, and numerous other nationalities can obtain an e-Visa online before departure — a simple process taking minutes through the official Turkish e-Visa website. Citizens of some countries are eligible for visa-free entry. The standard tourist e-Visa allows a 90-day stay within any 180-day period. Passport validity of at least six months beyond your intended stay is required. Always use the official Turkish government e-Visa portal to avoid third-party service fee scams, and verify current requirements before booking.

Getting Around

Turkey has an extensive and well-developed transport network. Istanbul's metro, tram, and ferry system is efficient and affordable using the Istanbulkart contactless card. High-speed trains (YHT) connect major cities including Istanbul, Ankara, Konya, and Eskisehir quickly and comfortably. Domestic flights with Turkish Airlines, Pegasus, and SunExpress link all major cities affordably, making Turkey's large distances manageable. Long-distance buses operated by companies like Metro and Kamil Koc are comfortable and widely used between cities. Renting a car is ideal for the Aegean, Mediterranean, and Cappadocia regions. Taxis are metered in cities — use the meter or a ride-hailing app to avoid overcharging.

Safety Notes

Turkey is generally safe for tourists, with millions visiting each year without incident. Petty theft and bag-snatching can occur in crowded tourist areas of Istanbul, particularly around the Grand Bazaar and Sultanahmet — keep belongings secure and be alert. Fake guides and taxi overcharging are common tourist frustrations; use licensed guides and agree on fares upfront or use metered taxis. Border regions near Syria and Iraq are designated as dangerous — avoid these entirely. Monitor government travel advisories for updates, particularly regarding any civil unrest or security events. The tourist infrastructure is well-developed and most visits are trouble-free.

Live Exchange Rates

Current exchange rates for currencies used in Turkey.

Turkish lira (TRY) ₺
Updated: 2026-07-06
⌕
Currency CodeRate
1INCH 0.297992
AAVE 0.000242
ADA 0.113790
AED 0.078446
AFN 1.358076
AGIX 0.273783
AKT 0.034057
ALGO 0.238618
ALL 1.750950
AMD 7.860017
AMP 47.889029
ANG 0.038520
AOA 19.617335
APE 0.152375
APT 0.034155
AR 0.010701
ARB 0.267057
ARS 31.881874
ATOM 0.013508
ATS 0.257094
AUD 0.030835
AVAX 0.003094
AWG 0.038235
AXS 0.021154
AZM 181.563980
AZN 0.036313
BAKE 28.427704
BAM 0.036542
BAT 0.242541
BBD 0.042721
BCH 0.000089
BDT 2.633180
BEF 0.753700
BGN 0.036542
BHD 0.008032
BIF 63.590269
BMD 0.021360
BNB 0.000037
BND 0.027609
BOB 0.147967
BRL 0.110393
BSD 0.021360
BSV 0.001447
BSW 63.820737
BTC 0.000000
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BTG 0.074026
BTN 2.035116
BTT 80,541.410521
BUSD 0.021342
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BZD 0.043021
CAD 0.030353
CAKE 0.014751
CDF 49.283796
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CFX 0.477445
CHF 0.017183
CHZ 1.183184
CLP 19.677260
CNH 0.145067
CNY 0.145010
COMP 0.001275
COP 71.398024
CRC 9.733683
CRO 0.357365
CRV 0.099919
CSPR 10.998516
CUC 0.021363
CUP 0.566107
CVE 2.060255
CVX 0.017760
CYP 0.010935
CZK 0.451889
DAI 0.021371
DASH 0.000607
DCR 0.001924
DEM 0.036542
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EEK 0.292338
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NFT 80,599.387342
NGN 29.269810
NIO 0.786297
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ORDI 0.006580
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SDG 12.821521
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STX 0.124918
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THETA 0.152265
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ZWL 1,431.679681

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Kelkit Kemah Kemaliye Kemalpasa Kemer Kemer Kepsut Kesan Kesap Keskin Kestel Kibriscik Kigi Kilis Kinik Kiraz Kirikhan Kirikkale Kirkagac Kirklareli Kirsehir Kizilcahamam Kizilirmak Kiziloren Kiziltepe Kızılcahamam Kocaali Kocaeli Kocakoy Kocarli Kofcaz Konya Konya Koprubasi Koprubasi Koprukoy Korfez Korgan Korgun Korkut Korkuteli Kose Kosk Kovancilar Koycegiz Koyulhisar Kozakli Kozan Kozluk Kula Kulp Kulu Kuluncak Kumkoy Kumlu Kumluca Kumru Kure Kursunlu Kurtalan Kurtun Kurucasile Kusadasi Kutahya Kuyucak Lacin Ladik Lalapasa Lapseki Lefkosa Lice Luleburgaz Macka Maden Mahmudiye Malatya Malazgirt Malkara Mamak Manavgat Manisa Manyas Mardin Marmara Marmaraereglisi Marmaris Mayis 19 Mazgirt Mazidagi Mecitozu Menderes Menemen Mengen Meric Merkezi Mersin Mersinli Merzifon Mesudiye Midyat Mihalgazi Mihaliccik Milas Mucur Mudanya Mudurnu Mugla Muradiye Muratli Murgul Mus Musabeyli Mustafakemalpasa Mut Mutki Nallihan Nallıhan Narman Nazilli Nazimiye Nevsehir Nigde Niksar Nizip Nurdagi Nurhak Nusaybin Odemis Of Oguzeli Oguzlar Oltu Olur Omerli Ordu Orhaneli Orhangazi Orta Ortaca Ortakoy Ortakoy Osmancik Osmaneli Osmaniye Otlukbeli Ovacik Ovacik Ozalp Ozvatan Palu Pamukova Pasinler Patnos Pazar Pazar Pazarcik Pazarlar Pazaryeri Pazaryolu Pehlivankoy Persembe Pertek Pervari Pinarbasi Pinarbasi Pinarhisar Piraziz Polateli Polatli Polatlı Posof Poturge Pozanti Pulumur Pursaklar Refahiye Resadiye Reyhanli Rize Sabanozu Safranbolu Saimbeyli Sakarya Salihli Salipazan Salpazari Samandag Samsat Samsun Sandikli Sanliurfa Sapanca Saphane Saray Saray Sarayduzu Saraykent Saraykoy Sarayonu Saricakaya Sarigol Sarikamis Sarikaya Sarioglan Sariveliler Sariyahsi Sariz Sarkikaraagac Sarkisla Sarkoy Saruhanli Sason Savastepe Savsat Savur Seben Sebinkarahisar Sefaatli Seferihisar Sehitkamil Selcuk Selendi Selim Semdinli Senirkent Senkaya Senpazar Şereflikoçhisar Serik Serinhisar Seydiler Seydisehir Seyitgazi Siirt Sile Silifke Silivri Silopi Silvan Simav Sincan Sincanli Sincik Sindirgi Sinop Siran Sirnak Sirvan Sivas Sivasli Siverek Sivrice Sivrihisar Sogut Sogutlu Soke Solhan Soma Sorgun Suhut Sulakyurt Suleoglu Sultanbeyli Sultandagi Sultanhisar Suluova Sulusaray Sumbas Sungurlu Surmene Suruc Susehri Susurluk Susuz Sutculer Talas Tarakli Tarsus Taskent Taskopru Taslicay Tasova Tatvan Tavas Tavsanli Tefenni Tekirdag Tekkekoy Tekman Tercan Termal Terme Tire Tirebolu Tokat Tomarza Tonya Topkapı Toprakkale Torbali Tortum Torul Tosya Trabzon Tufanbeyli Tunceli Turgutlu Turhal Turkeli Turkoglu Tut Tutak Tuzla Tuzluca Tuzlukcu Ugurludag Ula Ulas Ulubey Ulubey Uluborlu Uludere Ulukisla Ulus Umraniye Unye Urfa Urgup Urla Usak Uzumlu Uzundere Uzunkopru Vakfikebir Van Varto Vezirkopru Viransehir Vize Yaglidere Yahsihan Yahyali Yakakent Yalihuyuk Yalova Yalvac Yaprakli Yatagan Yavuzeli Yayladagi Yayladere Yazihan Yedisu Yenicaga Yenice Yenice Yenifakili Yenimahalle Yenipazar Yenipazar Yenisarbademli Yenisehir Yenisehir Yerkoy Yesilhisar Yesilli Yesilova Yesilyurt Yesilyurt Yigilca Yildizeli Yomra Yozgat Yuksekova Yumurtalik Yunak Yusufeli Zara Zile Zonguldak

Visa Requirements

Check what visa a citizen of Turkey needs to enter any country.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the capital of Turkey?
The capital of Turkey is Ankara.
What currency does Turkey use?
Turkey uses the Turkish lira (₺) as its official currency.
What language is spoken in Turkey?
The official language(s) of Turkey include Turkish.
What is the population of Turkey?
Turkey has a population of approximately 85,664,944 people.
What region is Turkey in?
Turkey is located in Asia, specifically in the Western Asia subregion.
What is the international calling code for Turkey?
The international dialing code for Turkey is +90.
What time zones does Turkey observe?
Turkey observes the following time zone(s): UTC+03:00.
What is the current time in Turkey?
The local time in Turkey is currently --:--. This time applies to the primary time zone.
What is the total area of Turkey?
Turkey covers a total area of 783,562 km².
How many states or provinces does Turkey have?
Turkey is divided into 83 states or provinces.
What are the public holidays in Turkey in 2026?
You can view the complete list of public holidays for Turkey in 2026 on the Holidays 2026 page.
What are the visa requirements for citizens of Turkey?
Visa requirements for citizens of Turkey vary by destination. Use our Visa Requirements Checker below to look up requirements for any destination country.